低所得国と中所得国の母子保健サービスにおける意思決定における地域社会の参加の制度化: 102の国の保健省による分析
Olive Cocoman1, Debra Jackson1,2, Harriet Ruysen1
1Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
PLOS global public health
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
母親と新生児の健康に関する意思決定におけるコミュニティの参加は,十分に制度化されていない. ほとんどの国では 親集団の影響力や国家研究が欠如しており,医療制度の進歩と説明責任が妨げられています.
科学分野:
- 世界保健政策
- 保健 システム の 強化
- コミュニティの関与
背景:
- 世界保健総会決議WHA77.2 (2024) は,健康関連の意思決定を強化することを求める.
- 地域社会の参加を制度化することは 持続可能でスケーラブルな医療システムにとって不可欠です
- 母親と新生児の健康 (MNH) に関する意思決定におけるコミュニティの参加に関する理解は限られている.
研究 の 目的:
- 低所得国および中所得国における地域社会の意思決定への参加の制度化を評価する.
- 地域社会への参加に関するMNHの勧告の採択と実施の進展を分析する.
- 地域社会参加のギャップと違いを特定する.
主な方法:
- 102の保健省からのMNH調査データの二次分析
- 報告されたコミュニティ参加活動を要約する記述分析.
- ラスウェルの政策サイクルを用いて所得水準と脆弱な/紛争の影響を受けた環境によって分類されたデータ.
主要な成果:
- MNHのコミュニティ参加を制度化するのに重大なギャップが存在します.
- 国の50%だけが参加を国家計画に組み込み, 1/3が実施に組み込みました.
- 国の90%では親グループが存在しないか,影響力が不足していた.国内調査はほとんど報告されなかった.
結論:
- 地域社会がMNH政策のサイクル全体で参加することを制度化するために,より強い努力が必要である.
- 実施の追跡,進捗の評価,説明責任のための明確な指標が必要です.
- 陽性な偏差症例を特定することで,国家保健システムへの統合のための効果的な戦略を明らかにすることができます.
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