輸出ショックが子どもの健康に与える影響:中国からの証拠
Yu-Ting Zhang1,2, Oksana Vladimirovna Mashevskaya1, Xiu-Zhi Wang2
1Faculty of Economics, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus.
Frontiers in public health
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
グローバル貿易の拡大は,病気を減らすことで中国の子どもの健康に良い影響を与えていますが,その利点は性別や地域によって異なります. 政策は格差をなくし 包摂的な発展のために 脆弱な子どもたちを支援しなければなりません
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 開発経済学
- 子ども の 健康 に 関する 結果
背景:
- 経済の減速と反グローバリゼーションの傾向の中で グローバリゼーションの利益とコストを評価することは極めて重要です
- 子どもの健康を左右する要因を理解することは 持続可能な開発に不可欠です 特に高齢化が進む中で
- 中国の貿易自由化は,これらの相互に関連した問題を研究するためのユニークな文脈を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 貿易自由化中に輸出拡大が中国における子どもの健康に及ぼす影響を実証的に調査する.
- 貿易が子どもの健康に影響を与える特定のメカニズムを特定する.
- 子どもの健康に対する貿易の分配効果を分析する.
主な方法:
- 中国保健栄養調査 (CHNS) と国連コムトレードデータベースを4期不均衡のパネルに利用した.
- エンドジェニシティに対処し,輸出ショック変数を構築するために,バーティックの楽器変数 (IV) モデルを使用しました.
- 原因効果と経路を決定するために,リグレッションとメディエーションの分析を行った.
主要な成果:
- 輸出ショックは,輸出被曝の標準偏差増加ごとに14パーセントポイントで子供の死亡率を大幅に減少させます.
- ポジティブな影響は,親の固定収入,雇用,父親の労働強度の増加によって媒介されます.
- ネガティブな影響には,母親の労働の強度の増加と,残された子供の発生率の増加が含まれており,性別の格差が観察されています.
結論:
- 貿易の自由化によって 子どもの健康に 大きな恩恵がもたらされますが 人口の分布は 均等ではありません
- 政策は,安定した雇用と収入のようなポジティブなチャネルを活用し,同時に母親の労働の強度と子供の分離によるリスクを軽減する必要があります.
- 特定地域における残された少女と子どもたちのために ターゲットを絞った介入が必要であり,公衆衛生と社会保護への投資も必要である.
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