祖先特異的多遺伝子リスクスコア,食事パターン,身体活動,および2型糖尿病の発生
Dale S Hardy1, Jane T Garvin2, Tennille S Leak-Johnson3
1BioNutriOmics, Inc.
Research square
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
ダイエットや運動などのライフスタイル選択は,高い遺伝的傾向 (ポリジェニックリスクスコアまたはPRS) を有する個人でも,2型糖尿病のリスクを減らすのに役立ちます. 予防の鍵となるのは 特定のダイエットと 身体活動を増やすことです
科学分野:
- 遺伝学と公衆衛生
- 代謝疾患の研究
- 栄養学的流行病学
背景:
- 2型糖尿病 (T2DM) のリスクを軽減する遺伝的傾向 (ポリジェニックリスクスコア - PRS) とライフスタイル要因の相互作用は,さまざまな祖先において不明である.
- 遺伝子に起因するT2DMリスクに ライフスタイルの変更がどのように 対抗できるかを調べることは パーソナライズされた予防戦略にとって 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- ヨーロッパ系アメリカ人およびアフリカ系アメリカ人における高リスクPRS,食事パターン,身体活動,代謝負荷との関連と相互作用を決定する.
- 祖先特有のPRSマッピング遺伝子と関連する分子経路を特定する.
主な方法:
- 8,283人のヨーロッパ系アメリカ人と1,205人のアフリカ系アメリカ人を用いた長期的研究 (1976年−2015年).
- バイアス修正の確率比 (OR) と95%信頼区間 (CI) を用いて関連と相互作用の分析.
主要な成果:
- アフリカ系アメリカ人は,ヨーロッパ系アメリカ人に比べて,高リスクのPRSだけでT2DMリスクの大きさを高めた.
- T2DMに対する保護効果は,高血圧を止めるためのダイエットアプローチ (DASH) と地中海ダイエットで観察されました.
- 食事,運動,高リスクのPRS/代謝負荷の相互作用は,特に地中海とDASHダイエットで,T2DMのリスクを弱めたことを示した.
結論:
- PRSと代謝負担が最も高い個人は,T2DMのリスクを減らすために早期介入から利益を得ることができます.
- 臨床医は,T2DMの予防と管理のために,身体活動と組み合わせたDASHと地中海ダイエットを推奨すべきである.
- ダイエット介入は有害な分子経路を逆転させ,T2DMの進行を緩和する可能性を示している.
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