COVID-19の急性後続期における持続的な免疫不調は,封筒および核カプシドタンパク質を標的とする抗体で表れます

Marcin Kwissa^1,2, Manikannan Mathayan^2,3, Satyajeet S Salunkhe^2,3

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|September 2, 2025

まとめ

長期COVID (PASC) は,抗体反応の変化や免疫細胞の上昇を含む,継続的な免疫不調を伴う. この免疫不均衡は少なくとも6ヶ月間持続し,様々なロング・コভিড症状を有する患者に影響を与える.

科学分野:

免疫学
感染症
ウイルス学

背景:

SARS-CoV-2感染の急性後遺症 (PASC),またはロングCOVIDは重大な健康上の問題である.
免疫不調はPASCの既知の特徴ですが,その長期的な経路はよく理解されていません.

研究の目的:

PASC患者における免疫不調の持続を6ヶ月間調査する.
PASC患者と回復中の患者との間で,抗体応答,免疫細胞集団,およびサイトカインレベルを含む免疫プロフィールを比較する.

主な方法:

SARS-CoV-2 特定の抗体位数 (IgG,クラス切り替えバイアス) の縦断的な評価.
周辺免疫細胞集団 (T卵泡ヘルパー細胞,MAIT細胞) をプロファイルするためのCyTOF分析.
自己抗体と循環中のサイトカイン (LIF,IL-11,Eotaxin-3,HMGB-1) の測定

主要な成果:

PASCの参加者は,SARS-CoV-2エンベロープおよびヌクレオカプシドタンパク質に対するIgG定数が持続的に上昇したことを示した.
PASC患者では,IgG1/IgG3バイアスを伴うスパイクタンパク質に対するIgGの反応が低かった.
循環中のT卵泡ヘルパー細胞とMAIT細胞は,高いアンチエンベロープIgGタイターと相関しています.
PASC患者は血清のサイトカインプロファイルと自己抗体の割合が増加した.

結論:

PASCでは,免疫機能の異常が持続し,少なくとも6ヶ月間続く.
発見は,ウイルス持続性,抗体生成,自己免疫性を含む潜在的な治療標的を示唆しています.

さらに関連する動画

06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.4K

04:47

A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies

Published on: February 23, 2018

7.8K

関連する概念動画

01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

917

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

917

01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...

Cross-reactivity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

667

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...

667

01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

5.5K

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...