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Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes01:25

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it instrumental in...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving01:29

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving

Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration01:22

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration

Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame. The absolute velocity of point B is determined by adding the absolute velocity of point A, the relative velocity of point B in the rotating frame, and the effects caused by the angular velocity within the rotating frame.
Time differentiation is...
Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
Angle of Twist: Problem Solving01:13

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the torque exerted...

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効率的なダブルヘリックス検出 制御可能なフィルター

Andrew E S Barentine1, Ashwin Balaji1,2, W E Moerner1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
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PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

3D顕微鏡でダブルヘリックス点分布関数を 素早く探す方法を開発しました この技術は2D位置と軸位置を効率的に推定し,単分子局所化顕微鏡の計算コストを大幅に削減します.

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科学分野:

  • バイオ物理学
  • 光学顕微鏡
  • コンピュータ画像

背景:

  • 精密な3D単分子局所化顕微鏡 (SMLM) は,分子行動を理解するために不可欠です.
  • 位置精度は,ポイントスプレッド関数 (PSF) の検出とフィッティングの精度によってしばしば制限されます.
  • PSF分析のための既存のディープラーニング方法は,計算が密集している可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 3D SMLMにおけるダブルヘリックス点拡散関数 (PSF) の局所化のための効率的な検出スキームを提示する.
  • 単一の分子の横方向と軸方向の両方を決定するための計算的に安価で正確な方法を開発する.
  • SMLMの分析パイプラインに統合する.

主な方法:

  • ダブルヘリックスPSFから2D位置とロブ方向 (軸位置) を迅速に抽出するための制御可能なフィルターを使用した.
  • ローカライゼーションの精度が向上するため,最適なパラメタリゼーションを備えたダブルガウスモデルフィッタを採用した.
  • オープンソースのPYthon 顕微鏡環境 (PYME) のプラグインとして検出とフィッティングスキームを実装しました.

主要な成果:

  • 効率的なローカライゼーションは 7 つのコンボリュションのみを使用して達成され, ディープラーニングのアプローチと比較して大幅に減少しました.
  • ダブルヘリックスPSFから2D位置と軸位置の両方の正確な推定が実証されています.
  • PYME内の機能的なSMLM分析パイプラインにメソッドを統合しました.

結論:

  • 提案された制御可能なフィルターベースの検出スキームは,3D SMLMの計算効率の良い代替案を提供します.
  • この方法は,ダブルヘリックスPSFの正確な局所化を提供し,SMLM分析を改善します.
  • PYMEプラグインは,この高度な技術の生物学的研究への導入を容易にする.