セックスが歌う鳥の脳におけるトランスクリプトームの進化をどのように形づくるか
Isaac Miller-Crews1, Sara E Lipshutz1,2, Ben Fulton1,3
1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
歌う鳥の脳における性バイアス遺伝子発現の進化速度を定量化した. 性別偏りの遺伝子発現はZ染色体ではより速く進化し,巣づくりの行動に影響されます.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- ゲノミクス
- 神経科学
背景:
- 遺伝子の発現における性差は広範囲に広がっているが,その進化の動態は十分に理解されていない.
- 性別偏差遺伝子発現の進化速度を定量化することは,性選択と二形性を理解するために重要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 歌う鳥の脳における 性別偏差遺伝子発現の 進化速度を定量化するためです
- 遺伝子発現バイアスの進化に染色体位置と生殖生態学の影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- CAGEEソフトウェアパッケージで遺伝子発現の進化のための新しい進化モデルを開発しました.
- 10種の歌う鳥の脳遺伝子発現データを分析した. 洞穴巣の収束進化を持つ鳥も含まれている.
- Z関連遺伝子とオートソーム間の性バイアス遺伝子発現の進化率を比較した.
主要な成果:
- セックスバイアスの遺伝子発現はオートソームと比較してZ染色体で2倍速く進化する.
- 性別偏りの遺伝子発現の速度は 巣穴を強制的に作る系統で加速している.
- 性別バランスのとれた遺伝子は 進化速度を遅らせず バランスのとれた選択の仮説に 挑戦しています
結論:
- Z染色体は性バイアスの遺伝子発現の急速な進化に重要な役割を果たします.
- 巣作りの戦略のような生態学的要因は 脳内の性特有の遺伝子発現パターンの進化を促すことができます
- 新しい計算ツールにより,遺伝子発現の進化とその相異性との関係に関する研究が容易になる.
関連する概念動画
Cis-regulatory Sequences
10.1K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
10.1K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.7K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.7K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
8.7K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.7K
Dosage Compensation
6.3K
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
6.3K
Convergent Evolution
28.9K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
28.9K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
2.6K
2.6K


