保険の種類が米国の成人の外来精神保健治療に与える影響
Lydia A Chwastiak1, Scott Graupensperger1, Heather Ringeisen2
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
PLOS mental health
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
アメリカの精神保健医療の格差は残っており,保険の種類がアクセスに大きく影響している. 保険のない人は 治療を受ける確率が低い一方 メディケア利用者は より高い利用率を示し 精神保健医療へのアクセスにおける格差を強調しています
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 医療サービス研究
- メンタルヘルス政策
背景:
- 米国における メンタルヘルス治療の格差は 重要な公衆衛生問題です
- 介護の障壁には高額な費用,不十分な保険,そして不正確な提供者名簿が含まれています.
- 保険の種類による治療率の変動を理解することは,効果的な政策開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- アメリカの非高齢者の 保険の種類を比較して 精神疾患の診療率を比較する
- メンタルヘルスケアへのアクセスにおける格差を 保険状態に基づいて特定する.
- メンタルヘルス治療のギャップを埋めるための政策改革を促す
主な方法:
- 2020年10月~2022年10月の精神および薬物使用障害の流行に関する研究 (MDPS) のデータを活用した.
- 精神障害の診断のための臨床面接 (DSM-5のための構造化された臨床面接) を含む,4,640人の非高齢者の家庭サンプル.
- 保険の種類 (民間,メディケア,メディケイド,その他,無) に関する,過去1年間の門診治療率を分析するために,加重ロジスティック回帰を用いた.
主要な成果:
- 精神障害と診断された人の60.2%は,過去1年間に外来治療を受けた.
- 保険のない参加者は,民間保険を持つ人と比較して治療を受ける確率が著しく低い (AOR=0.37).
- メディケアの参加者は,民間保険の参加者と比較して,治療を受ける確率が著しく高かった (AOR=4. 25).
結論:
- 米国における精神保健医療の格差は 医療保険の種類によって影響されています
- 保険がない人は 精神保健サービスへのアクセスに 大きな障壁に直面しています
- 保険関連の格差に対処し,全人口のメンタルヘルスケアへのアクセスを改善するために,政策改革が必要である.
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