COVID-19 流行前と流行中の国立衛生研究所の研究部門における女性の代表
Lucy O Alejandro1, Alexandra Knitter1, Monica Kowalczyk1
1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Journal of clinical and translational science
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
女性
科学分野:
- 医療サービス研究
- 生物医学研究政策
- 科学者スタッフの多様性
背景:
- 国立衛生研究所 (NIH) の研究部門では女性が不足しています.
- 研究部門は,国の研究優先事項と資金提供に影響を与えます.
- 代表性を理解することは 公平な科学的進歩の鍵です
研究 の 目的:
- NIHの研究部門における女性の代表性を調査する.
- パンデミック前とパンデミック中の傾向 (2019年-2021年) を比較する.
- 女性審査員の参加率の変化を特定する.
主な方法:
- NIH研究部門の審査員のデータを遡って分析した.
- 2019年,2020年,そして2021年に収集されたデータ.
- 査読者の人口を統計的に調べる
主要な成果:
- 1,045の研究セクションの16,900人以上のレビュー者が分析しました.
- 審査員の40.1%が女性でした.
- 2019年から2021年まで,女性審査員の代表が著しく増加しました.
結論:
- NIHの研究部門の女性代表は全体的に増加したが,リーダーシップの役割 (議長) はこの傾向を反映していない.
- リーダーシップの不足に対処することは 公平な研究資金の確保に不可欠です
- 継続的なモニタリングは,多様な科学的インプットを確保するために必要である.
関連する概念動画
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
666
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
666
Survey Safety
116
Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
116
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
687
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
687
Infertility in Females
401
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
401
Prevalence and Incidence
783
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
783
Study Designs in Epidemiology
408
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
408


