インドのコミュニティベースのメンタルヘルス介入におけるアプローチの多様性: 物語のレビューと要約
Mukta Gundi1, Rhea Kaikobad1, Seema Sharma2
1School of Development, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, India.
Global mental health (Cambridge, England)
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
このレビューは,インドのコミュニティベースのメンタルヘルス介入をマッピングし,ケア提供を改善するためのアプローチを統合しています. 資源が少ない地域での公衆衛生に関する勧告を提示しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 世界 的 な 精神 健康
- 医療サービス研究
背景:
- メンタルヘルスは世界の優先事項ですが,特に低所得国や中所得国 (LMICs) では,大きなケアギャップが残っています.
- インドでは10万人あたり0.3人の精神科医しかいない 深刻な精神保健専門家の不足に直面しています
- 世界保健機関 (WHO) は このギャップを埋めるために コミュニティベースの精神保健医療を推奨しています
研究 の 目的:
- インドのコミュニティベースのメンタルヘルス介入のマッピングと統合
- 様々な社会文化的な文脈でサービス提供のさまざまなアプローチを理解する.
- 効果的な介入の構成要素とプロセスを特定することによって,LMICにおける公衆衛生の実践を参考にすること.
主な方法:
- 2010年から2023年の間に出版されたピアレビューされた雑誌の記事と書籍の章のナラティブレビュー.
- インドの41のコミュニティベースのメンタルヘルス介入の統合
- 主要予防,促進,特定,治療,ケア,リハビリテーションのための介入要素の分析
主要な成果:
- インドでは,政府,医療大学,市民社会団体を含む様々なコミュニティベースのメンタルヘルスケアアプローチが生まれました.
- 主要な介入要素とプロセスは,プライマリ予防,症例検出,治療,リハビリテーションで特定されました.
- 異なる文脈でのアプローチの共通点と違いが観察されました.
結論:
- コミュニティベースのメンタルヘルスケアは サービス提供に多岐にわたる価値あるアプローチを示しています
- 実践者向けに,コミュニティの役割,アクターの関与,効果的な実施の指針となる価値観に関する勧告が提供されています.
- この調査結果は,世界各地のLMICでメンタルヘルスサービスの提供を改善するための洞察を提供します.
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