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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
Published on: February 2, 2020
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自閉症スペクトル障害と診断されたヒスパニック系患者のサンプルにおける口腔健康指標
Mariela Sosa Seda1, Naydi Perez Rios1,2, Sona Rivas Tumanyan1,2
1Escuela de Medicina Dental Universidad de Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico.
まとめ
自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) を患っている子どもは,同年代の人よりも口腔の健康状態が優れている. しかし 歯科治療や農村での生活は ASD患者にとって大きな障害となります
科学分野:
- 小児歯科
- 発達障害
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) は,社会的相互作用とコミュニケーションに影響を与える神経発達状態です.
- 小児の口腔健康の格差,特に発達障害のある人の場合,調査が必要です.
- 自閉症の子供の口腔の健康状態を理解することは 標的を絞った介入に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) と診断された小児患者の口腔健康状態を評価する.
- 自閉症と非自閉症の子供たちの口腔健康における潜在的な格差を特定する.
- 自閉症の子どもたちの 歯科治療へのアクセスを 妨げていることを調べる
主な方法:
- 5歳から18歳までのASD (症例) の22人の子どもと27人の対照群を対象としたケース・コントロール研究.
- カリエスと歯周炎の標準化された歯科検査は,精査された歯科医によって行われました.
- 親のアンケートでは,口腔衛生の社会的決定因子に関する社会人口統計データと情報を集めました.
主要な成果:
- ASDの子どもは,対照群と比較して,下痢の発症率が著しく低かった (DMFT+dft> 0).
- ゲンジバル指数は,年齢と性別を調整した後でも,ASDの子どもでは著しく低下した.
- 歯科サービスへのアクセス困難 (p=0.014) と診察時の行動障害 (p=0.012) はASDグループでより一般的であった.
結論:
- ASDの小児患者は,ASDのない患者と比較して優れた口腔健康指標を示した.
- 自閉症患者の最適な歯科治療への主な障壁は サービスへの限られたアクセスと 農村部での居住です
- これらの障壁を取り除くことは 自閉症の子どもたちの 公平な口腔医療を確保するために不可欠です
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