リスクの高い子供の肺炎球菌ワクチン接種に関する勧告:全般的な概要 (2022-2024)
Derek Daigle1, Graciela Morales2, Kyla Hayford3
1Pfizer Vaccines and Antivirals, US Medical Affairs, New York, NY, USA.
Vaccine
|September 2, 2025
まとめ
リスクの高い子供に対する肺炎球菌ワクチン接種政策は珍しく,約3分の1の国が提供しています. pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) と polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) の専門的なスケジュールは,入手可能な場合,著しく異なる.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- ワクチン学
- 小児科
背景:
- 肺炎球菌感染症は 子どもの健康に重大な脅威をもたらし 高い罹病率と死亡率を引き起こしています
- 特定の基礎的な健康状態を持つ子供は,肺炎球菌感染症と重症疾患のリスクが高まります.
- この報告書は,高リスクの小児集団のために設計された肺炎球菌ワクチン接種政策を調査しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界的な肺炎球菌ワクチン接種政策の概要を提示する.
- 肺炎球菌疾患のリスクが高い子供に対するワクチン接種戦略に特に焦点を当てる.
主な方法:
- 国際保健機関 (WHO,ECDC) および国家政府/公衆衛生ウェブサイトから,リスクグループを対象としたワクチン接種スケジュールを体系的に取得する.
- 政府機関や現地専門家から 補足情報を集めます
主要な成果:
- 195カ国の約37.9%が リスクの高い子供に対して 特別な予防接種政策を設けています
- これらのうち,85. 1%は,しばしば肺炎球菌結合ワクチン (PCV) のブースター薬と23価ポリサッカリドワクチン (PPV23) を含む,差別化されたスケジュールを推奨しています.
- ワクチンの種類 (PCV13,PCV15,PCV20,PPV23),スケジュール,および対象となるリスク条件については,勧告が大きく異なる.
結論:
- 高リスクの子どものためのマッピングされた肺炎球菌ワクチン接種スケジュールは,通常の乳児のスケジュールとは異なり,広く実施されていません.
- 既存のリスクグループ勧告は,ワクチン選択,投与量,および対象となる状態においてかなりの異質性を示しています.
- 肺炎球菌病に対するリスクの高い子供の保護には,改善されたガイドラインの開発とワクチンのアクセシビリティの改善が不可欠です.
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