訓練されたオブジェクトの競争的な皮質の優先順位は,最初の1年を通して出現します
Maeve R Boylan1, Anna-Lena Tebbe1, Jamie Newland1
1Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 32611.
まとめ
幼児のオブジェクト認識は 学習したオブジェクトが新しいものよりも 注意力優先度を得るにつれて 年齢とともに改善されます この研究は 経験が視覚野の反応を形作って 生後1年で認識能力を高めることを示しています
科学分野:
- 発達神経科学
- 認知心理学
- 視覚的知覚
背景:
- 幼児期には物体の認識が重要ですが 基礎となる神経生理学は不明です
- 初期の視覚体験は 注意の優先順位を決めます
- 幼児の脳の発達を理解することは 認知科学の鍵です
研究 の 目的:
- 視野皮質の反応に 影響する方法を研究する
- オブジェクトトレーニングが訓練された刺激を処理する競争上の優位性を生み出すかどうかをテストする.
- 視覚処理と注意のバイアスの年齢関連の変化を検証する.
主な方法:
- 51人の乳児 (6, 9, 12ヶ月) と親の横断研究.
- 幼児は新しい物体と 絵本でやり取りしました
- 電気脳波 (EEG) は,訓練された対訓練されていないオブジェクトの安定状態の視覚喚起ポテンシャル (ssVEPs) を測定した.
主要な成果:
- 訓練された物と訓練されていない物との間の年齢依存の競争を示した.
- 訓練されたオブジェクトに対する反応は増加し,訓練されていないオブジェクトに対する反応は年齢とともに減少しました.
- 訓練されたオブジェクトを好むバイアスは9ヶ月で現れ,12ヶ月で強まった.
結論:
- 幼児の視覚野資源の 選択的な優先順位付けを促します
- 競争神経の相互作用は 物体認識の発達を支えます
- 幼児の脳では 初期の物体学習によって 注目偏差が形成されます
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