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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.8K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Thermochemical Equations02:55

Thermochemical Equations

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For a chemical reaction (the system) carried out at constant pressure – with the only work done caused by expansion or contraction – the enthalpy of reaction (also called the heat of reaction, ΔHrxn) is equal to the heat exchanged with the surroundings (qp).
29.7K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

19.5K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
19.5K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

13.0K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
13.0K
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

11.1K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
11.1K
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

801
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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熱力学による高エントロピー酸化物合成

Saeed S I Almishal1, Matthew Furst2, Yueze Tan2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. saeedsialmishal@gmail.com.

Nature communications
|September 2, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

高エントロピー酸化物 (HEO) の酸素化学的ポテンシャルを制御することで,多価イオンを二価状態に強制する. この発見により,HEOの安定性と合成を予測し,材料設計の可能性を広げることができます.

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 固体化学
  • 熱力学について

背景:

  • 高エントロピー酸化物 (HEO) は,温度以外の要因に影響される複雑な熱力学を示します.
  • 酸素の化学的潜在力は,HEOシステムにおける重要な,しかししばしば見過ごされる変数です.
  • HEOの性質と安定性を予測するために,カチオン値位状態を理解することは極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 岩塩のHEOのカチオンバレンスの酸素化学ポテンシャルの影響を実験的に実証する.
  • HEOの安定性と合成性に関する予測的枠組みを開発する.
  • 調節可能な性質を持つ新しいHEO組成を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 陽子バレンスの影響を与える酸素の化学的可能性を実験的に制御する.
  • 望ましいバレンスの相図とエンタルピー安定性マップの構築.
  • XRD,XRF,EDS,およびXAFSを用いた等分岩塩HEOの合成と特徴付け
  • 機械学習による原子間電位による計算

主要な成果:

  • 酸素の化学的ポテンシャルを制御することによって岩塩HEOで多価カチオン (Mn,Fe) を主として二価状態に強制することを実証した.
  • 単相石塩のHEOを7つ合成しました
  • 検証された均質なカチオン分布と確認された二価カチオン状態.
  • 最適なバレンスの相図とエンタルピー安定性の地図を開発した.

結論:

  • 酸素の化学的潜在力は,HEOの設計と合成の重要な熱力学的パラメータです.
  • 酸素の化学的潜在的重なりは,HEOの安定性を予測するための重要な記述として機能します.
  • 開発された枠組みは,様々なHEO組成と構造に広く適用できます.