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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.4K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.3K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.3K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

8.1K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
8.1K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.3K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.3K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.8K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.8K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Published on: June 8, 2016

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可視光による相進化によるポリマー材料の機械的進化

Cheng Liu1, Chaowei He1, Xiaobin Dai2

  • 1Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronic & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 3, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

この研究は,時間が経つにつれて機械的性質を動的に向上させる"進化する"ポリマー材料を作成するための新しい方法を紹介しています. この突破は人工システムにおける 生物学的進化を模倣して 素材の性能を前例のない方法で 制御することを可能にします

キーワード:
インサイトポリメリゼーション機械的な進化段階的進化セレノラジカル可視光への反応性

さらに関連する動画

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering
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Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering

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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

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Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering
06:16

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering

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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • ポリマー化学
  • 機械工学

背景:

  • 人工ポリマー材料は通常静的であり 生物学的組織の動的,進化する特性がない.
  • 材料科学では,時間的に強化された性質を持つポリマーの設計が重要な課題です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 連続した時間変換と機械的性質の強化を示すポリマー材料を作成するための戦略を提案し,実証する.
  • 人工ポリマーシステムで"機械的進化"を達成するための方法を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 時間的に変形可能な相と機械的性質を持つポリマー材料を設計するための戦略が開発されました.
  • 可視光で開始されたインシットポリメリゼーションは,相変換の配列 (生成,分離,融合) を制御するために使用されました.
  • このアプローチは,機械的性質の変化を定量化するために,ヒドロゲルシステムに適用された.

主要な成果:

  • ポリマーの相は連続した移行を経て,時間の経過とともに機械的性質がはっきりと大きく改善されました.
  • ハイドロゲルシステムでは,ヤングモジュールの2400倍以上の記録的な増加が達成されました (18.5kPaから44.5MPa).
  • 機械的性質の時間的な進化は 可視光を用いて正確に制御された.

結論:

  • 提案された戦略は,生物学的進化に似た,一時的に強化された機械的性質を持つ人工ポリマー材料の設計を可能にします.
  • この研究は,要求に応じて材料の性質を調整し,調整可能な,多層のモジュールと複雑なアーキテクチャを持つ先進的なメタマテリアルを構築するための道を開きます.