ターゲット試験を模倣した観察研究の透明な報告-TARGET ステートメント
Aidan G Cashin1,2, Harrison J Hansford1,2, Miguel A Hernán3,4,5
1Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
JAMA
|September 3, 2025
まとめ
ターゲット試験を模倣した観察研究の新しい透明な報告 (TARGET) ガイドラインは,研究者がランダム化試験を模倣した観察研究を報告するのに役立ちます. これは,観察データによる因果関係推定の透明性と解釈を改善します.
科学分野:
- 流行病学
- バイオ統計学
- 健康研究方法論
背景:
- ランダム化試験が実行できない場合,観察研究は因果的推論に不可欠です.
- 対象試験を模倣する観察研究に関する既存の報告慣行は,標準化されていない.
- これらの研究の透明性と信頼性を確保するために明確な指針が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 仮説的な実用的なランダム化試験 (ターゲット試験) を模倣する観察研究のための合意に基づく報告ガイドラインを開発する.
- 標準化された報告の枠組みを提供することにより,健康研究の質と透明性を高める.
主な方法:
- ターゲット試験を模倣した観察研究の透明な報告 (TARGET) のガイドラインは,EQUATORの枠組みを使用して開発されました.
- 方法としては,体系的なレビュー,専門家の調査,コンセンサス会議,そして利害関係者のパイロットテストが含まれています.
- ガイドラインの作成には18人の専門家と108人のステークホルダーからのフィードバックが1年半にわたって使われました.
主要な成果:
- TARGETのチェックリストは21項目で構成され,概要,紹介,方法,結果,議論,その他の情報など6つのセクションに分かれています.
- 主な推奨事項は,研究をターゲット試験のエミュレーションとして特定し,因果的な質問とプロトコルを指定し,因果的な推定値と感度分析を報告することです.
- チェックリストは,ベースラインコンフォンダー調整による並列グループ,個別ランダム化対象試験のエミュレーションに関する報告ガイドです.
結論:
- TARGETガイドラインは,ターゲット試験を模倣した観察研究の透明性とピアレビューを改善することを目的としています.
- 研究者,臨床医,読者がこれらの研究から得られた結果をより良く解釈し,適用できるよう,TARGETのチェックリストに従うことが役立ちます.
- この標準化された報告は,健康研究における因果関係に関する情報を伝えるための観察研究の有用性を高めます.
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