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高ナトリウム摂取による慢性腎疾患の世界的負担: 1990年から2021年の傾向の包括的な分析と2040年の負担の予測
Yawen Lu1, Lei Wang1,2, Jianfeng Ma1
1The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Frontiers in nephrology
|September 3, 2025
まとめ
高ナトリウム摂取による慢性腎疾患 (CKD) の死亡率は1990年から2021年の間に2倍以上増加しました. この拡大する公衆衛生危機を食い止めるには 緊急の介入が必要です 特に高所得地域ではです
科学分野:
- 腎臓科
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学
背景:
- 慢性腎臓病 (CKD) は 世界人口の10%以上に影響します
- 高濃度のナトリウム摂取は,慢性腎臓病の重要なリスク因子です.
- ナトリウム関連のCKDの傾向と人口格差の縦断分析には大きなギャップがある.
研究 の 目的:
- 1990年から2021年にかけての過剰なナトリウム摂取による慢性腎臓病の世界的な負担を調査する.
- 2040年までのナトリウム摂取によるCKD負担の最初の将来の予測を提供すること.
- ナトリウム関連のCKDの縦断的な傾向と人口統計学的差異を分析する.
主な方法:
- 高濃度のナトリウム摂取に関連したCKDによる死亡とDALYに関するGlobal Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021のデータベースを利用した.
- 雇用年齢標準化率 (ASMR,ASDR) と社会人口統計指標 (SDI) を用いて変動を評価する.
- 時間的および人口学的分析のための適用された結合点回帰と年齢期間コホート (APC) モデリング.
主要な成果:
- 高いナトリウム摂取による世界的なCKD死亡率は1990年から2021年の間に1.68倍 (26,072人から69,954人) 増加しました.
- 障害調整寿命 (DALY) は135%増加した (741,197歳から1,705,325歳).
- 高所得地域ではASMRとASDRが顕著に増加し,ラテンアメリカとカリブ海は最も高い負担を報告した. 男性は一貫して女性より慢性腎臓病の重荷を示した.
結論:
- 過剰なナトリウム摂取による 世界的なCKDの負担は 30年以上にわたって劇的に増加しています
- 原因は人口老化,食生活の変化,地域格差などです
- 特にリスクの高い集団や地域では,ナトリウム削減政策やジェンダーに特化した戦略のような緊急で標的を絞った介入が不可欠です.
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