鶏と卵:意味変化の側面を解明し,それが語彙の獲得とどのように関係するか

Andreas Baumann¹, Stefan Hartmann²

¹University of Vienna, Department of German Studies, Universitätsring 1, 1010 Vienna, Austria.

Cognition

|September 3, 2025

まとめ

初期の言葉の獲得は異なる方法で意味の変化に影響します長期的意味の移り変わりや短期的な変動を減らし単語の複合性を高め複雑な認知のつながりを示唆しています

科学分野:

認知科学
言語学
コンピュータ言語学

背景:

最近の研究では,言葉の習得年齢 (AoA) と意味変化の間の相関が強調されています.
言語の習得と言語の進化の相互作用に関する議論が生まれます潜在的に認知バイアスが原因です
意义的変化は多面的で,時間とともに様々な種類の意味の変化を含んでいます.

研究の目的:

セマンティック・チェンジの異なる側面を区別し分析する.
これらの意味変化の尺度と単語の習得年齢 (AoA) の関係を調査する.
これらの関係を裏付ける認知的メカニズムを探求する

主な方法:

3つの尺度を用いた意味論的変化を操作した: 波動性 (短期的な変動), 移位性 (長期的変化), 多様性 (多重性).
単語の頻度効果を制御する回帰分析を用いて,意味変化の測定値とAoAの関連性を評価した.
誘導的および循環的関係を推論するために,偽因果的フォローアップ分析のためにベイジアンネットワークを使用した.

主要な成果:

セマンティック変化の3つの測定は,AoAと有意に関連していましたが,反対の方向です.
早期の獲得は,低波動性 (特に高頻度) と低位移転と相関しています.
早期の買収は高度な多様化 (ポリセミーの増加) と関連していた.

結論:

単語を早期に習得することは長期にわたる意味の移転を一方的に減少させるようです
単語の習得と意味論のゆらゆらと多様化の間には"鶏と卵"の相互関係がある.
初期獲得が異なる種類の意味変化に与える様々な影響を説明するために,異なる認知メカニズムが必要である.

キーワード:

言語の進化単語の習得セマンティックの変化感覚分布

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