土壌の肥沃性と気候の回復力を最適化:炭素の吸収と窒素供給の向上における有機農業の優位性
Arijit Chowdhuri1, Manoj Chaudhary2, Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha1
1Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Journal of environmental management
|September 3, 2025
まとめ
有機農業 (OF) と自然農業 (NF) は,持続可能な農業に不可欠な土壌の炭素と窒素を増加させます. 統合農作物管理 (ICM) は,米の収穫を向上させ,農家に経済的利益をもたらします.
科学分野:
- 農業科学
- 土壌科学
- 環境科学
背景:
- 東インド・ガンジス平原は 第二次緑の革命のターゲットです
- 有機農業 (OF),自然農業 (NF),統合農作物管理 (ICM) などの持続可能な慣行が重要なものです.
- 土壌の炭素,窒素,作物の収穫量,気候変動の緩和に及ぼす影響は十分に調査されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- NF,OF,ICMの土壌炭素と窒素分子の影響を評価する.
- 炭素貯蔵量,炭素管理指数,炭素吸収量,米粒の収穫量への影響を評価する.
- 米とトウモロコシのシステムにおける酸性アルフィゾールにおけるこれらのパラメータの深度分布を理解する.
主な方法:
- 2020年から実施されたフィールド実験.
- NF,OF,ICM-1 (天然殺虫剤),ICM-2 (合成殺虫剤) と対照群を比較する.
- 土壌の炭素と窒素分子の分析,炭素プール,炭素管理指数,炭素収束,穀物収量
主要な成果:
- NFとOFは土壌の上部30cmの総炭素と有機炭素を大幅に増加させた.
- 活性炭プールと土壌の有機炭素の貯蔵量を最大化します.
- ICM-2は,最も高い炭素結合能力と窒素分子を示した.
- ICM-1は最も高い米粒の収穫をもたらしました.
結論:
- 土壌の炭素吸収と窒素供給を向上させる 気候に配慮した持続可能な選択肢です
- ICMの実践は,経済的な利益を優先する資源不足の農家にとって不可欠です.
- 地域における持続可能な農業の強化に貢献しています.
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