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スポーツ選手の選択における人格特性の役割:体系的なレビュー
1School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
Acta psychologica
|September 3, 2025
まとめ
意識的,外向的,低神経症は スポーツの成功の鍵となる性格の特徴です. 特定のスポーツや文化に合わせた評価は 才能の特定とパフォーマンスの予測を 改善できます
科学分野:
- スポーツ心理学
- 人間性能科学
背景:
- 選手の選定ではパーソナリティ特性がますます利用されていますが,その予測力は異なるスポーツ,競争レベル,文化的文脈によって大きく異なります.
- スポーツのパフォーマンスを最も予測できる 特定の人格の特徴と その背後にあるメカニズムを理解することは 効果的な才能の特定と開発に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 既存の文献を体系的に検討し,どの性格特性がスポーツパフォーマンスの最も強力な予測要因であるかを特定する.
- これらの性格特性がパフォーマンスを影響する神経生物学的,心理学的,文脈的なメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- PRISMAのガイドラインとPROSPEROが登録したプロトコルに従って5つのデータベースで包括的な文献検索を行い,2025年3月までのデータ収集を行いました.
- STROBEチェックリストを用いて試験の質を評価した14カ国の18のスポーツ選手を対象とした22の横断的な研究が含まれていた.
主要な成果:
- 良心と外向性の高いレベルは一貫して優れたスポーツパフォーマンスを予測しました (効果サイズは ~0.26から0.70まで).
- 神経症はパフォーマンスと負の関係を示した (β ≤0. 25).
- 直接的な神経生物学的効果 (ドーパミン反応の感受性,前頭部調節),間接的な心理的要因 (動機付け,自己調節),および文脈的な調節因子 (スポーツの種類,競技レベル,文化) によってパフォーマンスの予測が媒介された.
結論:
- 良心的,外向的,低神経症は 信頼性の高い,適応性の高い スポーツの成功の予測要因とされています
- 特定のスポーツや文化背景に合わせた 多特質評価を実施することで,才能の特定の精度を高めることができます.
- 将来の研究は,これらの発見をさらに検証するために,標準化されたメトリクスを採用した縦断的な多方法研究に焦点を当てるべきです.
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