子どもにおける下呼吸器感染症の世界的,地域的,および国家的な負担:世界の疾病負担に関する体系的分析研究, 2021年
Weimin Zhu1,2, Xiaxia He3, Shasha Xiang1,4
1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.
Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
|September 3, 2025
まとめ
世界的に子供の下呼吸器感染症 (LRI) の発生率と死亡率は1990年から2021年の間に著しく減少しました. 特に資源の限られた地域では,LRIが大きな脅威であり続けているため,継続的な介入は極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 小児科
- 感染症
背景:
- 下呼吸器感染症 (LRI) は,世界的に子供の死亡の主な原因です.
- 特に資源の限られた地域では,LRI負担に関する正確なデータが不足しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 幼児期LRIのグローバル,地域,および国家負担を定量化する.
- LRI の発生率,死亡率,および DALY (障害調整寿命) の傾向を分析する.
- 将来のLRI負担を予測し,バクテリア病原体の役割を検討する.
主な方法:
- 204カ国の2021年世界疾病負担調査のデータを活用した.
- 精巧な方法論を用いてLRI発生率,死亡率,およびDALYを評価した.
- 将来の負荷予測のためにベイジアン年齢-期間-コホート (BAPC) モデルを使用した.
主要な成果:
- 世界的にLRIの発生率は14460万人から6990万人に減少した (1990-2021年).
- 死亡率は200万人から127万人に減り 死亡率は著しく低下しました
- 西サハラ以南のアフリカと南アジアは 負荷が最も高く,東アジアは 最も減少した.
- 2021年のLRI死亡の主な原因は,ストレプトコックスの肺炎でした.
結論:
- 幼児期におけるLRIの負担は減ったが,特に資源が少ない環境では依然として重大な健康問題である.
- 公共衛生の介入と予防接種は 子供の健康状態を改善するために不可欠です
- バクテリアの病原体の進化の傾向に関するさらなる研究が必要である.
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