精神障害と発達障害のある成人急診室患者の神経精神疾患
Harold A Pollack1,2, Brandon Tabman3, Derek S Brown4
1Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago.
Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)
|September 4, 2025
まとめ
知的および発達障害 (IDD) の成人は,自殺傾向,発作,認知症を含む精神的および神経学的障害のために緊急診療所の訪問率が高くなります.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 精神科
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 知的障害や発達障害 (IDD) の個人はしばしば複雑な健康ニーズを持っています.
- この集団における精神病や神経疾患の有病率を理解することは 標的型医療に不可欠です
- 緊急治療室 (ED) の訪問は,これらの健康格差を評価するための貴重なデータ源を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 精神障害と発達障害 (IDD) を有する成人と無する成人の間での緊急診療 (ED) の精神疾患と神経疾患の診断率を比較する.
- IDDを持つEDの集団の中で不釣り合いな割合を占める特定の状態を特定する.
主な方法:
- 米国病院のED訪問の2019年全国緊急部門サンプル (NEDS) を利用した横断的な研究.
- IDDと診断されていない成人 (≥18歳) の精神疾患および神経疾患を特定するために,検証された診断コードを使用した.
- 分析された主な症状には,うつ,不安,精神病,自殺傾向,発作,認知症,睡眠障害が含まれています.
主要な成果:
- IDDを患っている成人は558,408件で,IDDを患っていない成人は112,593,527件でした.
- IDDを持つ人は 主なED診断よりも精神障害を持つ可能性が2倍でした.
- 自殺傾向 (1. 6倍),神経疾患 (5. 6倍),発作 (8. 1倍) が著しく高かった. 認知症の割合はほぼ2倍であり,特にダウン症候群の患者では高かった.
結論:
- IDDを持つ成人の救急治療室の患者は,一般の人々と比較して同時に起こる精神的および神経学的障害の可能性が高い.
- これらの発見は,IDDの患者のユニークなニーズに合わせた,アクセシブルで生涯にわたる神経精神科サービスの必要性を強調しています.
- これらの格差を解決することは,IDDを持つ人々の健康と生活の質を改善するために不可欠です.
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