アメリカ合衆国におけるオピオイド依存症と乱用率の定量化に関する最新情報 (2019年と2020年)
Esperanza Regueras1, José López Guzmán1, Luis Miguel Torres2
1University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Journal of opioid management
|September 4, 2025
まとめ
オピオイド鎮痛剤 (OPR) の乱用および依存は2019-2020年からわずかに減少したが,処方箋なしで使用は依然として高い. ハイドロコドンとオキシコドンは最も悪用されるOPRであり,処方箋なしで使用される依存症です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学
- 依存症 医学
背景:
- オピオイドの鎮痛剤 (OPR) は,痛みの管理のために広く処方されています.
- OPRの乱用と依存は 米国における重大な公衆衛生問題です
- 効果的な介入には,傾向と関連する要因を理解することが不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 2019-2020年の米国におけるOPRの乱用と依存の頻度を定量化するためです.
- 依存症と乱用率の高さに関連した特定のオピオイド分子を特定する.
- OPRの誤用パターンを分析し,処方されていない使用と処方されたレジミンの偏差を含みます.
主な方法:
- 2019年と2020年の薬物使用と健康に関する国家調査 (NSDUH) のデータを活用した.
- 薬物乱用や依存症の指標を中心に,鎮痛剤の使用に関する変数を分析した.
- マイクロソフト エクセルのピボットテーブルを使用して,流行と割合の統計分析を行いました.
主要な成果:
- 2020年には,約120万人の個人がOPRに依存しており,これは2018年の140万人から減少した.
- ハイドロコドン (27%) とオキシコドン (21%) は,2020年に依存症の人々の中で最も一般的に使用されたOPRでした.
- 依存症の減少にもかかわらず,主に痛み緩和のために,処方箋なしでOPRを使用した人は63%でした.
結論:
- OPRの乱用と依存は,2019年から2020年の間に2017年から2018年に比べて年間3%減少しました.
- OPRの非処方使用は減少したが,依然として懸念事項であり,依存している個人の60%がそのような使用を報告している.
- オキシコドンとヒドロコドンは,特に処方箋なしで使用された場合,OPRの乱用と強く関連しています.
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