新生児における呼吸器関連肺炎の予防におけるプロバイオティクスの役割の評価

Hager Ahmed Khodair¹, Heba Said Elmahdy², Lamiaa Khaled Zidan³

¹Ministry of Health, Tanta, Egypt.

European journal of pediatrics

|September 4, 2025

まとめ

プロバイオティクスは新生児の呼吸器関連肺炎 (VAP) を有意に減少させました. この介入により栄養不耐症や入院期間が短縮され乳児集中治療室の患者にとって有望な予防策となりました

科学分野:

新生児医学
微生物学
緊急治療

背景:

呼吸器関連肺炎 (VAP) は,新生児集中治療室 (NICU) の重大な合併症であり,罹病率,死亡率,医療費を増加させる.
既存のVAP予防方法は,感染制御とサポートケアを重視しています.
プロバイオティクスは,早産児における死腸炎と遅発性毒症の軽減に有効であることが示されています.

研究の目的:

新生児のVAP発生に対するプロバイオティクスの予防効果を評価する.

主な方法:

新生児集中治療室の 80人の新生児を対象とした予期的なランダム化比較試験です
参加者は乳酸バクテリアを投与したプロバイオティクスのグループ (n=40) と対照群 (n=40) に分けられました.
VAPの発生は,臨床的および実験的基準を用いてモニタリングされた.

主要な成果:

VAPの発生率は,対照群 (47. 5%) と比較して,プロバイオティクスのグループではかなり低かった.
プロバイオティクスの投与は,栄養不耐症,嘔吐,腹部膨張の減少と相関する.
プロバイオティクスを服用したグループは短時間の機械呼吸とNICU滞在を経験しました

結論:

プロバイオティクスのサプリメントは,機械的に換気された新生児のVAPを予防するための効果的な戦略であるようです.
プロバイオティクスは,粘膜のバリアを強化し,病原体を抑制し,免疫反応を調節することによって,結果を改善する可能性があります.
新生児集中治療室での標準的な予防策としてプロバイオティクスを確立する研究が進められます

キーワード:

新生児プロバイオティクス VAP について呼吸器関連肺炎

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