酸化ストレスと抗酸化メカニズムががんの発生と進行における相互作用

Klaudia Jomova¹, Suliman Y Alomar², Richard Valko²

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.

Archives of toxicology

|September 4, 2025

まとめ

反応性酸素種 (ROS) は腫瘍の成長と進行を促し,癌において二重の役割を果たします. 抗酸化物質も複雑な効果を示し標的型の治療戦略の必要性を強調しています

科学分野:

細胞生物学
生物化学
腫瘍学

背景:

生理学的レベル (酸化ストレス) で活性酸素種 (ROS) によって維持される細胞のリドックスバランスは,正常な機能にとって極めて重要です.
ROSホメオスタシスの障害は酸化ストレスにつながり癌などの慢性疾患に繋がります
超酸化アニオンラジカル (O2•−) と過酸化水素 (H2O2) を含むROSは,様々な細胞システムによって生成される重要なシグナル分子である.

研究の目的:

癌の進行における反応性酸素種 (ROS) と抗酸化物質の二重の役割を調査する.
ROSが増殖,侵入,転移を含む腫瘍発達の異なる段階にどのように影響するかを理解する.
腫瘍細胞がROSのレベルを調節するメカニズムと治療戦略への影響を調査する.

主な方法:

癌におけるROS信号に関する既存の文献のレビュー
DNA損傷,上皮からメゼンキマへの移行 (EMT),腫瘍微環境 (TME) の形成などの細胞プロセスに対するROSの影響の分析.
NRF2と特定の抗酸化酵素の役割を含む抗酸化ネットワークの調節の検討.

主要な成果:

ROSは,免疫細胞,代謝,DNA損傷 (例えば,8-oxo-dG) に影響することにより,腫瘍の発症と進行を促進する.
水素過酸化物 (H2O2) はEMTを駆動し,TMEを形作りますが,過剰なROSは老化またはアポトーシスを誘発します.
グルタチオン (GSH) やNRF2のような抗酸化物質は癌細胞の生存に不可欠であり,Mn-SOD (SOD2) のような酵素は文脈に依存する役割を果たします.

結論:

ROSと抗酸化物質の二重性は,がん治療において複雑な課題と機会を提示しています.
レドックス値と抗酸化ネットワークの理解は効果的な抗癌戦略の開発に不可欠です
ROSを媒介する経路とレドックスバランスをターゲットにすることで将来の癌治療に期待できます

キーワード:

抗酸化物質癌についてセル・シグナル酸化ストレス ROS について腫瘍発生

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