空気汚染によるルイ体の認知症の促進

Xiaodi Zhang^1,2,3, Haiqing Liu^1,2, Xiao Wu⁴

¹Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 4, 2025

まとめ

空気汚染,特に微細粒子 (PM2.5) は,ルイ体の認知症 (LBD) のリスクを大幅に高めます. 脳の有害なアルファ-シナヌクレインタンパク質を誘発し神経退化を引き起こします

科学分野:

環境健康
神経科学
毒理学について

背景:

大気汚染は一般的な認知症のリスクと関連しています
ルイ体の認知症 (LBD) に対する大気汚染の具体的な影響は十分に理解されていません.
アルファシヌクレイン (αSyn) タンパク質の結合は,LBDの特徴である.

研究の目的:

微細粒子 (PM2.5) 曝露とルイ体の認知症 (LBD) リスクとの関連を調査する.
PM2.5とLBDの病原性とのメカニズム的な関係を調査する.
病原性 αSyn 菌株を誘発できるかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

PM2.5の暴露とLBDのリスクを評価するために,米国で大規模なコホート (565万人の個人) の分析.
PM2.5に曝された野生型とαSyn欠乏したマウスを用いたin vivo試験
タンパク質K耐性および神経毒性アッセイを含む,PM2.5曝露によって生成されたαSyn菌株の生化学的特徴.
PM2.5 に曝露したマウスとLBD患者のトランスクリプトミックの分析.

主要な成果:

PM2. 5の曝露は,大きなヒトコホートにおけるLBDのリスクの増加と有意に関連していました.
野生型マウスの脳は縮したが,αSyn欠乏したマウスの脳は縮しなかった.
PM2.5への曝露は,LBDに見られる性質に似た病原性αSyn株 (PM-PFF) を生み出した.
PM2.5 サンプルは,世界的に誘発された病原性 αSyn 菌株と神経毒性.
PM2. 5 に暴露されたマウスとLBD患者の間で共有されたトランスクリプトミカルシグネチャが観察されました.

結論:

微細粒子 (PM2.5) は,ルイ体の認知症 (LBD) の重要な環境リスク因子です.
PM2.5の曝露は,有毒なαSyn株の形成を開始し,LBDの病理を誘発する.
LBDのような神経疾患の負担を軽減するには大気汚染の削減が不可欠です

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