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関連する概念動画

Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

45.7K
After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

3.4K
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division...
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Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
3.2K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
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Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

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細胞命運の仕様は,高度に保存された螺旋分裂におけるトランスクリプトームの進化を形作る.

Yan Liang1,2, Jingcheng Wei1, Yue Kang3

  • 1School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.

EMBO reports
|September 4, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

初期の動物の発達では,形状が保たれているにもかかわらず,螺旋裂けの過程で驚くべきトランスクリプトミカルな可塑性が示される. これはアネリドの遺伝子発現と形態の進化的解離を示唆している.

キーワード:
アネリダ母性から生殖器への移行フィロタイプ ステージスパイラル・クリヴァージシゴティック・ゲノム・アクティベーション

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In Vitro Reconstitution of Spatial Cell Contact Patterns with Isolated Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo Blastomeres and Adhesive Polystyrene Beads
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Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
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Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
14:08

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Published on: January 26, 2013

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In Vitro Reconstitution of Spatial Cell Contact Patterns with Isolated Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo Blastomeres and Adhesive Polystyrene Beads
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In Vitro Reconstitution of Spatial Cell Contact Patterns with Isolated Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo Blastomeres and Adhesive Polystyrene Beads

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Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
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Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro

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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学
  • 進化生物学
  • ゲノミクス

背景:

  • 初期の動物の発達には 異なる系統にわたって 保存された特徴と プラスチックの特徴の両方が表れている.
  • アネリドを含むスピラリアは,保存された螺旋分裂プログラムと細胞系統を共有しています.
  • 保存された対プラスチックの発達パターンの理由は不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • スパイラル・クリバージを持つ2つのアネリド種における初期発達のトランスクリプトミックの動態を調査する.
  • 異なる原始細胞の仕様を持つ種を比較する.
  • アネリドの胚形成における形態学的および転写学的保存の相互作用を理解する.

主な方法:

  • 卵細胞から胃形成までの高解像度トランスクリプトミックの時間経過分析
  • *Owenia fusiformis* と *Capitella teleta* の遺伝子発現パターンの比較分析
  • オーソログの転写因子の保存された遺伝子発現領域の識別

主要な成果:

  • 2つの種間の螺旋割れの間,転写ダイナミクスの有意な差異が観察されました.
  • トランスクリプトミックのプロファイルは,割れ目の終わりに,そしてガストリュレーション中に収束した.
  • 重要な転写因子の保存された遺伝子発現ドメインは,後期に特定された.

結論:

  • 早期のアネリドの発達では,螺旋分裂中に隠されたトランスクリプトミックの可塑性が示される.
  • 胚のオーガナイザー仕様の明確なタイミングは,種特有のトランスクリプトミックのダイナミクスと相関しています.
  • 転写体相似性によって特徴づけられる中期の移行は,分裂と胃化の終わりに発生し,形態学と転写体の進化的解離を示します.