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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

86
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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長いCOVIDと腎臓

Vanja Ivković1, Urmila Anandh2, Samira Bell3

  • 1Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. vanja.ivkovic@gmail.com.

Nature reviews. Nephrology
|September 4, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

SARS-CoV-2感染後に持続する長期COVIDは,慢性腎臓病 (CKD) を引き起こす可能性があります. SARS-CoV-2に対するワクチン接種は,重度のCOVID-19と長期のCOVID,特にCKD患者の予防に不可欠です.

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科学分野:

  • 腎臓科
  • 感染症
  • 公衆衛生

背景:

  • ロングコロナウイルス病 (COVID) は,SARS-CoV-2感染後3ヶ月以上持続する腎臓を含む複数の臓器系に影響を与える複雑な疾患である.
  • COVID-19は急性腎臓損傷と慢性腎臓病 (CKD) のリスクの増加に関連しており,CKDは長期COVIDの潜在的な表れであることを示唆しています.
  • 既存のCKDの患者は,重度のCOVID-19および長期間COVIDを発症するリスクが高い.

研究 の 目的:

  • 慢性腎臓病の発生と進行を含む COVID-19 が腎臓の健康に及ぼす多面的な影響を調査する.
  • COVID-19と慢性腎臓疾患の双方向関係を強調するためです.
  • COVID-19 と長期COVID に関連するリスクを軽減するSARS-CoV-2 ワクチン接種の役割を強調し,特に脆弱なCKD 集団のために.

主な方法:

  • COVID-19および長期COVIDの腎臓発現を調査する既存の文献と研究のレビュー.
  • COVID-19に関連した腎不全および血管炎を含む,SARS-CoV-2感染と腎臓疾患との関連に関する報告の分析.
  • SARS-CoV-2ワクチン接種が一般の人々やCKD患者に対して及ぼす影響と長期COVID発生率の評価.

主要な成果:

  • COVID-19は急性腎臓損傷を引き起こし,慢性腎臓病 (CKD) の発症リスクが高まります.
  • コロラーシング・グルメロパシーや新発性血管炎などの特定の腎臓疾患は,COVID-19と関連付けられています.
  • SARS-CoV-2ワクチン接種は,COVID-19および長期COVIDのリスクを大幅に軽減し,すべての個人,特にCKDの患者に保護を提供します.

結論:

  • 慢性腎臓病 (CKD) は,長期COVIDの重大な後遺症であり,継続的な研究とモニタリングを必要とします.
  • COVID-19とCKDの相互作用は,感染した患者の総合的なケアの大切さを強調しています.
  • COVID-19の生存者に対する構造的なフォローアップは,長期のCOVID経路を理解し,CKDのリスクのある個人を特定するために不可欠です.