市民の監視は 警察の正当性に影響する?
Kaylyn Jackson Schiff1, Daniel S Schiff1, Bryant J Moy2
1Department of Political Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
PNAS nexus
|September 5, 2025
まとめ
民間審査委員会 (CRB) は,監視を通じて警察の正当性を高めることを目的としています. しかし,この研究では,CRBは一般に公衆の信頼を高めず,特に偏った見方の中で,警察長と衝突すると,それを減少させることもあります.
科学分野:
- 犯罪学と刑事司法
- 公共管理
- 法律の社会学
背景:
- 民間審査委員会 (CRB) は,警察の正当性を高めるための外部監督機構として設立されています.
- 公衆の支持にもかかわらず,手続きの公正さと正当性を高めるためのCRBの有効性は議論されています.
- 限られた採用と影響は,警察の説明責任におけるCRBの役割について疑問を投げかけます.
研究 の 目的:
- 市民審査委員会 (CRB) が警察の合法性に対する国民の認識に与える影響を評価する.
- CRBの決定が,警察長官と連携して,あるいは反対して,国民の信頼にどのように影響を与えるかを検討する.
- 手続きの公平性に対する認識の形成における CRB の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 2,503人の回答者を対象に調査実験が行われました.
- 参加者には警察署長やCRBが 警官の不正行為に関与するシナリオが提示された.
- この研究では,CRBの決定が警察長と一致するか対立するか,合法性認識にどのように影響するか分析しました.
主要な成果:
- 民間審査委員会 (CRB) は一般的には警察の合法性に対する国民の認識を高めなかった.
- CRBは,警察に対する以前の否定的な見解を持つ個人の手続きの公正さの認識を改善することができます.
- CRBと警察長官の間の対立は,両機関に対する国民の信頼を低下させ,政治的二極化を引き起こした.
結論:
- CRBは本質的に警察の正当性を高めるとの仮定に 異議を唱えます
- CRBと警察のリーダーシップの間の制度的な意見の相違は,国民の信頼を損なう可能性があります.
- CRBは警察の正当性を高めるという意図された機能を果たさないかもしれません. 特に論争の的なケースでは.
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