関連する実験動画

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
09:30

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Published on: September 13, 2018

9.6K

バクテリアの遺伝子における広範囲にわたるピューリンバイアス

K Julia Dierksheide, James C Taggart, Grace E Johnson

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |September 5, 2025
    PubMed
    まとめ

    バクテリアの遺伝子発現は,Rho因子による早期の転写終了を防ぐために,ピューリンに富んだ配列に依存しています. このピュリンの好みはゲノム進化と 脱走型トランスクリプションの細菌の遺伝子適応に影響を与えます

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    関連する概念動画

    Bacterial Transcription01:53

    Bacterial Transcription

    RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
    Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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    Genome Copying Errors02:46

    Genome Copying Errors

    DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
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    Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

    Bacterial RNA Polymerase

    Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
    In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
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    Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

    Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

    Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
    There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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    Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

    Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

    The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
    Transcription of prokaryotic...
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    Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

    Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

    Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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