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関連する概念動画

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

2.6K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
2.6K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

3.2K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
3.2K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

4.4K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
4.4K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

15.1K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
15.1K
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

3.6K
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
3.6K
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

2.1K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
2.1K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography
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Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography

Published on: September 14, 2014

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ミトコンドリアのATPのパターンは,組織の折り畳みを予測する.

Bezia Lemma, Megan Rothstein, Pengfei Zhang

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |September 5, 2025
    PubMed
    まとめ

    胚の発達では ミトコンドリアは 必要な場所にエネルギーを集中して 組織の折りたたみを促進します この局所的なエネルギー生産は種ごとに保たれ 複雑な形状を形成するのに不可欠です

    さらに関連する動画

    Author Spotlight: Mitochondrial Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle
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    Author Spotlight: Mitochondrial Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle

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    Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
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    Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

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    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

    Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography
    10:39

    Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography

    Published on: September 14, 2014

    30.1K
    Author Spotlight: Mitochondrial Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle
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    Author Spotlight: Mitochondrial Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle

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    Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
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    科学分野:

    • 発達生物学
    • 細胞バイオエネルギー
    • 組織形態変異

    背景:

    • 胚の発達は 調整された遺伝子発現と 機械的な力に依存しています
    • 主にアデノシントリフォスファート (ATP) の水解から生じる細胞のエネルギーは,これらの発達過程に力を与えます.
    • アピカル収縮は 動物界で表皮組織が折り畳まれる 基本的なメカニズムです

    研究 の 目的:

    • 胚の組織形態変異の過程における 化学エネルギーの空間的パターンを調査する.
    • ミトコンドリアがアピカル収縮と組織折りたたみにおける役割を決定する.
    • 開発中のバイオエネルギーパターンの保存と予測力を探求する.

    主な方法:

    • 細胞動態を観察するためにタイムラプス画像を用いた.
    • 遺伝子発現と細胞状態をマッピングするために空間的トランスクリプトミクスを採用した.
    • 細胞のエネルギー生産を定量化するために測定した酸素消費率.
    • 組織の折りたたみへの影響を評価するために,抑制された酸化リン酸化.

    主要な成果:

    • ミトコンドリアは,アピカル収縮時に表皮細胞でアピカルに濃縮される.
    • ミトコンドリア密度,膜ポテンシャル,ATPレベルの増加は,アクトミオシン収縮と組織折り合いを先行する.
    • 酸化性リン酸化の抑制は組織の折りたたみを防止し,その必要性を強調します.
    • ミトコンドリアの濃縮パターンはハエ,雛,マウスに保存されています.

    結論:

    • 局所的なミトコンドリアの活動とATPの生成は,アピカル収縮を誘導するために重要である.
    • 空間的バイオエナジェティクスは 胚の形態変異の重要な特徴です
    • 細胞下のエネルギーパターンは 組織の折り畳み動態を予測できます