世界中における統合失調症スペクトル障害の環境リスク要因:文献のマッピングレビュー
Sarah Tosato1, Branko Ristic1, Alice Zanini1
1Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences
|September 5, 2025
まとめ
統合失調症の環境リスクに関する研究は ヨーロッパと北米に集中しており,世界の理解を制限しています. 将来の研究は,統合失調症スペクトル障害の汎用性と因果推論を改善するために,代表が不足している集団に対処する必要があります.
科学分野:
- 精神医学と精神衛生の研究
- 統合失調症スペクトル障害の流行病学
- 世界保健と環境要因
背景:
- 統合失調症スペクトル障害の環境リスクに関する広範な文献が存在します.
- 現存する研究の大半は地理的にヨーロッパと北米に集中している.
- この地理的なバイアスは,現在の発見の一般化について懸念を喚起しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 統合失調症のスペクトル障害の環境リスク要因に関する研究の世界的分布をマッピングする.
- この研究の不均等な分布の相関を特定する.
- 証拠のギャップを強調し,将来の研究方向性を伝えるために
主な方法:
- 統合失調症のスペクトル障害に対する環境リスク (産科合併症,父親の年齢,移住,都市化,子供時代のトラウマ,大麻使用) に関する研究の体系的なマッピングレビュー
- 2023年5月31日まで掲載された記事をPubMedとPsycINFOのデータベースで検索しました.
- 人口,富,医療費,研究投資,科学成果に関する国別データを収集し,相関分析を行う.
主要な成果:
- 主に北欧と北米の44万5千人の患者を対象とした308件の論文を特定した.
- 世界の大きな地域は,見直された文献に全く含まれていなかった.
- 研究成果は,人口規模,富,または一般的な研究投資よりも,一人当たりの研究者の数と,高いレベルの科学的成果の指標 (例えば,ノーベル賞受賞者) とより強く相関していた.
結論:
- 統合失調症のスペクトル障害の環境リスクに関する知識のギャップは大きい.
- 低評価は結果の一般化に影響し,生物学的経路に関する因果的推論を妨げます.
- 代表が少ない地域や 医療サービスが不足している地域での研究が不可欠であることを強調しています
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