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The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

17.3K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
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Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

203
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
203
Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis01:22

Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis

196
The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...
196
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

8.0K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
8.0K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

102.4K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
102.4K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

8.5K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
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非アディアバティック・プロトン・カップルの電子移転速度の定数を計算するチュートリアル

Phillips Hutchison1, Kai Cui2, Jiayun Zhong2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

The Journal of chemical physics
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

陽子結合電子移転 (PCET) は科学全体において根本的なものです このチュートリアルでは,さまざまなシステムのためのpyPCETパッケージを使用して,プロトントンネルなどの量子効果を含む,PCET速度の定数を計算します.

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A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins
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A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins

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Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
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A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins
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Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

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科学分野:

  • 多分野科学
  • 物理化学
  • バイオ物理学

背景:

  • 陽子結合電子移転 (PCET) は化学,生物学,物理学の基本的なプロセスです.
  • 電子と陽子の量子力学効果,水素トンネリング,環境再編,ドナー-受容体の変動を含む PCET の一般的な理論的枠組みが開発されています.
  • 分析速度の定数は,ビブロン的に非アディアバティックな体制に焦点を当てて,様々な体制のために導出されています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 振動的に非アディアバティックな状態での PCET 速度定数の入力量計算に関するチュートリアルを提供する.
  • 内部圏と外部圏の再編成エネルギー, 糖尿病性陽子ポテンシャル, 電子結合, 反応自由エネルギー, 陽子ドナー-受容器距離分布の計算を詳細にします.
  • 振動的カップリングの電子-陽子非対流性の決定を導くために.

主な方法:

  • 振動的に非アディアバティックな状態に適用できる 黄金律の定数表現に重点を置く
  • PCETシステムの基本入力パラメータを計算するための詳細な指示.
  • 酵素,均質分子電気化学,光化学分子,異質電気化学PCETを含む多様なシステムへの方法の適用.

主要な成果:

  • PCETレート定数を計算するための包括的なガイドを提供します.
  • 詳細な例を通して理論的構想の適用を示します.
  • 非アディアバティック PCET 速度の定数を計算するための公開されている Python パッケージ,pyPCET を導入します.

結論:

  • このチュートリアルでは,研究者が PCET 速度の定数を計算するために必要なツールと知識を備えています.
  • pyPCETパッケージは,高度な理論的方法を様々なPCETシステムに適用することを容易にする.
  • この研究は,科学分野における複雑な PCET プロセスの理解とコンピューティングアクセシビリティを強化します.