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エントロピー増強戦略により,高温 H2O-CO2の高効率な Pt 利用が可能

  • 0Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

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まとめ

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Hess's Law 03:40

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There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.

This type of calculation...

Enthalpy of Solution 02:39

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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:

A decrease in the internal energy of the system (an exothermic change, as discussed in the previous chapter on thermochemistry)
An increased dispersal of matter in the system (which indicates an increase in the entropy of the system, as you will learn about in the later chapter on thermodynamics)

In the process of dissolution, an internal energy change often, but not always, occurs as heat is...

Catalysis 02:50

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

The illustrated image represents the reaction diagrams for an endothermic chemical process progressing in the absence (red curve) and presence (blue curve) of a catalyst.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation 02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes 02:45

15.0K

Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.

Strong acids, such as sulfuric acid, dissociate completely in an aqueous solution, and the acid participating in the reaction is the hydronium ion.

The first step is the slow protonation of an alkene at the less-substituted end to form...