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喫煙に起因する消化器がんの世界的負担 1990年から2021年:世界の疾病負担の研究からの洞察
Mengli Zi1,2,3,4, Zijie Xu1,2,3,4, Ben Li1,2,3,4
1Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yangzhou, China.
International journal of surgery (London, England)
|September 5, 2025
まとめ
喫煙による消化器癌 (SADC) の死亡率は世界的に増加したが,年齢を基準とした割合は減少した. 地域格差をなくし,SADCの負担を軽減するために,標的を絞った禁煙政策が不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 流行病学について
- 公衆衛生
- 腫瘍学
背景:
- 喫煙は多くの癌に繋がる 既知の発がん物質です
- 消化器がんは 世界的に深刻な健康問題です
- 喫煙による消化器がん (SADC) の負担を理解することは,公衆衛生の介入に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 1990年から2021年までのSADCの世界的,地域的,国家的な負担を推定する.
- 死亡率と障害調整寿命年数 (DALYs) のタイムトレンドを分析する.
- 効果的な禁煙政策とがん対策策を策定する.
主な方法:
- グローバル・バード・オブ・ディジーズ (GBD) 研究のデータを活用した.
- 204の国と地域で5つの主要な消化器がんサブタイプが含まれています.
- 推定SADC死亡率とDALY,年齢標準化率とその年間パーセント変化 (EAPC) を計算する.
主要な成果:
- グローバルSADCの死亡者は1990年の347,533人から2021年の486,225人に増加しました.
- 年齢標準化された死亡率とDALY率は減少傾向を示した (EAPC = -1. 54と -1. 8).
- 食道,胃,および臓の癌は,SADCの死亡の主な原因であり,東アジアと東ヨーロッパは,人口の高い割合を示した.
結論:
- 年齢で標準化された割合が低下しているにもかかわらず,SADCの全体的な負担は依然として大きい.
- SADCの負担は地域によって大きく異なるため,公衆衛生上のアプローチを合わせる必要がある.
- 強い禁煙政策と公衆啓発キャンペーンの実施は,SADCの発生率と死亡率を減らすために不可欠です.
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