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医療職業教育におけるコミュニケーションスキルの評価の有効性に関する証拠: スコーピングレビュー
Linda Dorrestein1, Caroline Ritter2, Zoë De Mol3
1University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
BMJ open
|September 5, 2025
まとめ
このスコーピングレビューでは,医療専門教育 (HPE) のコミュニケーションスキル評価 (CSA) の有効性に関する証拠をマッピングしました. 有効性証拠の報告のギャップは,CSAの方法におけるより明確な構成定義とスコア解釈の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 医学教育研究
- 医療専門職 教育評価
- コミュニケーションスキルの評価
背景:
- コミュニケーションスキルの評価 (CSA) は,健康職業教育 (HPE) の能力,教育,規制において極めて重要です.
- 医療従事者の間でCSAの有効性に関する証拠の不一致は,評価の質の解釈を妨げています.
- HPEにおけるCSAスコアの信頼性と有効性に関する包括的なマッピングが必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 医療専門教育 (HPE) のコミュニケーションスキル評価 (CSA) 方法から得られたスコアの報告された信頼性と有効性の証拠を体系的にマッピングする.
- HPEのCSA方法を支持する有効性証拠の既存の証拠と潜在的なギャップを特定します.
- CSAのツールのターゲット開発とサポートのための基本的概要を提供します.
主な方法:
- 2024年3月まで公表された研究の範囲調査を行い,複数のデータベース (MEDLINE,Embase,PsycINFO,CINAHL,ERIC,CAB Abstracts,Scopus) を検索した.
- HPEのCSA方法の有効性 (内容,内部構造,関係,応答プロセス,結果) を報告する英語の研究が含まれています.
- 98,394人の参加者を対象とした146件の適格な研究から抽出したデータで,医療教育研究品質指針を用いて品質を評価した.
主要な成果:
- このレビューでは,主にヒト医学 (124) で,大学院生 (85人) が参加した146件の研究が特定されました.
- 成績に基づいた,シミュレートされた,個人でのCSA,特に客観的な構造化された臨床試験 (OSCE) が最も一般的でした (115件の研究).
- 内部構造 (90%) と内容に関する証拠 (74%) が最も頻繁に報告され,反応プロセス (10%) と結果 (11%) が最も少なく報告されました.
結論:
- 医療職業教育 (HPE) のコミュニケーションスキル評価 (CSA) 方法を支持する報告された有効性証拠には大きなギャップがあります.
- 将来の研究は,コミュニケーションスキルの構造を明示的に定義し,報告された有効性源を明確にし,意図された使用 (学習対意思決定) を指定する必要があります.
- これらのギャップを解決することは,スコアの妥当な解釈と,HPEのターゲット化されたCSA開発と支援を導くために不可欠です.
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