重度の精神疾患を発症するリスクの高い若者における精神病のような経験: 2年間の変化と神経報酬処理と感情的な症状との関連
Xiaoying Dong1, Tina Gupta2, Gretchen Haas3,4,5
1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
|September 6, 2025
まとめ
青春期の精神病のような経験 (PLEs) は2年間で増加し,特にリスクの高い若者の間で増加しました. ベースラインの不安と右腹筋 (VS) の報酬反応は,将来のPLEを予測し,警戒が前兆である可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 発達心理学
- 精神科
背景:
- 青春期における精神病のような経験は 精神病理を予測する.
- 青春期の神経報酬システムの発達は 精神病や感情的障害のリスクと交差しています
- 深刻な精神疾患 (SMI) の家族歴はリスクを増大させる.
研究 の 目的:
- 青少年におけるPLE,臨床症状,神経報酬機能との関連を調べる.
- 2年間のPLEの予測要因を調査する.
- 青年の精神的健康における報酬システムの役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- 2年間にわたって117人の青少年 (13~19歳) を対象とした長期的研究.
- 毎年PLE,不安,うつ,無快感を評価した.
- 報酬タスク中にfMRIを用いて,ベースラインで背中中前頭皮質 (dmPFC) と腹筋筋 (VS) の活動を測定した.
主要な成果:
- PLEと関連する苦痛は時間とともに高リスクグループで増加しました.
- 24ヶ月でPLEの増加を予測した.
- 他の臨床症状やdmPFC/左側VSの活動とは異なり,発症時の不安もPLEの増加を予測した.
結論:
- 青少年のPLEはダイナミックで,特に高リスクの個体では時間とともに増加します.
- 右VS報酬応答と不安は,PLEsの発生の早期の指標です.
- 青春期におけるPLEは 警戒心や刺激に対する感受性の高まりに先立ちます
関連する概念動画
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
185
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
185
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
122
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
122
01:28Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
452
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
452
01:27Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
941
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
941
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.3K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.3K
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
96
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
96