健康的な食事パターンとリウマチ性関節炎のリスク: 体系的なレビューとメタ解析

Elena K Joerns¹, Jeffrey A Sparks², Cynthia J Chelf³

¹Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism

|September 6, 2025

まとめ

健康的な食事のパターンは,関節リウマチ (RA) の発症リスクを大幅に低下させます. この体系的なレビューでは,抗炎症療法と地中海食が RA の発生率を減少させたという一貫した証拠が示されました.

科学分野:

病理学と免疫学
栄養学
流行病学について

背景:

リウマチ性関節炎 (RA) は,著しい罹病率を持つ慢性的な自己免疫疾患である.
慢性疾患の潜在的リスク因子として食事のパターンはますます認識されています
ダイエットとRAの発生率の関係を理解することは予防戦略にとって極めて重要です

研究の目的:

健康的な食事パターンと発症性関節リウマチ (RA) のリスクとの関連を体系的に検討し,メタ分析する.
抗炎症,地中海,DASH,HEIのパターンを含む特定の食事の保護効果を定量化する.

主な方法:

PROSPERO (CRD42025645056) に登録された体系的なレビューとメタ解析.
検証された食事とRAの定義,RA前の食事による暴露,RCT,コホート,または症例対照研究を含む.
複数のデータベース (CENTRAL,Embase,MEDLINE,Scopus,Web of Science) と灰色の文献で検索した.
ニューカッスル・オタワスケールによるバイアスのリスクとGRADEによる証拠の確実性

主要な成果:

12件のケース・コントロールおよびコホート研究が含まれており,そのうち8件は独立研究であった.
整体的に健康的な食生活は,発生性RAのリスクの低下と関連していた (OR0. 54,95%CI0. 32- 0. 91).
抗炎症 (OR 0. 56,95%CI 0. 31- 0. 99) と地中海 (OR 0. 88,95%CI 0. 78- 0. 99) のような特定のパターンは,また,保護効果を示した.

結論:

観察研究は,健康的な食事パターンと,発生性関節リウマチのリスクの減少との間に有意な関連性を示しています.
証拠の確実性は,主に含まれている研究の観察的性質のために,中等と評価されました.
この発見は,RAの予防のために健康的な食事を促進することを支持しています.

キーワード:

ダイエット流行病学についてメタ解析リウマチ性関節炎体系的なレビュー

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