植物の再生中に単体体細胞を時間的に再プログラムする

Li Ping Tang¹, Li Ming Zhai², Jiming Li³

¹State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shandong Agricultural University and Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Cell

|September 17, 2025

まとめ

植物の細胞は完全なる生物を形成する能力を回復します研究者らは,LEC2とSPCHを含む特定の遺伝子の活動が,分化細胞をトーティポテントの体胚創始細胞へと導くことを発見しました.

科学分野:

植物発達生物学
細胞を再プログラムする
植物の再生

背景:

一つの細胞が生物全体を再生する能力は根本的な生物学的プロセスです
分化した体細胞がトーティポテンシーを再獲得する方法を理解することは,再生生物学を前進させる上で極めて重要です.
分化細胞の運命からトーティポテンシーへの移行の背後にあるメカニズムは,大部分が曖昧である.

研究の目的:

アラビドプシスの分化体細胞をトーティポテント細胞に再プログラムすることを調査する.
ソマティック細胞によるトーティポテンシーの獲得に関与する主要な分子プレーヤーと経路を特定する.
胃系祖先から体胚創始細胞までの経路を明らかにする.

主な方法:

細胞の変異を観察するタイムコースのライブイメージング
単細胞レベルの遺伝子発現を分析するための単核RNA配列化 (snRNA-seq).
特定の細胞集団における遺伝子発現をプロファイルするために,RNAシーケンシング (LCM-RNA-seq) と組み合わせた空間レーザー捕捉マイクロ解剖.

主要な成果:

LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) と SPEECHLESS (SPCH) は,メリステモイド母細胞 (MMC) をトーティポテントの体胚創始細胞 (SEFC) に再プログラムする.
MMCデリバティブが守護細胞にコミットするか,オクシン濃縮された中間状態に入るときに,系統のバイフォークションポイントが特定されました.
ARABIDOPSISのTRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE 1 (TAA1) とYUCCA4 (YUC4) を含む局所オキシン生物合成回路は,SEFCの仕様と胚形成に不可欠である.

結論:

メリステモイド母細胞 (MMC) は,アラビドプシスのコティレドンの体胚の起源である.
TAA1/ YUCによって媒介されるオクシン生物合成は,トーティポテンシーとその後の体胚形成のために不可欠である.
この研究は,オクシン駆動の,転写的に制御される経路を定義し,ストマトの祖先を体胚形成に結びつけ,植物の再生性可塑性の理解を進める.

キーワード:

LEC2 について SPCH オクシン生物合成ライブイメージング単核RNAのシーケンシングソマティック胚創始細胞ソマティック胚形成トートポテンシー

さらに関連する動画

09:43

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Published on: April 23, 2014

24.0K

13:05

De Novo Generation of Somatic Stem Cells by YAP/TAZ

Published on: May 7, 2018

9.6K

関連する概念動画

01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.6K

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...

2.6K

01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.1K

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...

2.1K

01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

2.3K

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

2.3K

02:57

Plant Tissue Culture

40.2K

Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.

40.2K

01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5.4K

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...

5.4K

01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

27.2K

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...