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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.4K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.4K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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7.9K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.4K
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

6.9K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

35.7K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
35.7K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using &#967;CRAC
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Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

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mRNAの開始と終了は空間的に調整されています.

Ezequiel Calvo-Roitberg1, Christine L Carroll2, GyeungYun Kim2

  • 1RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 9, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) のアイソフォームの多様性は,転写開始部位と終了部位の選択によって引き起こされる. ポジショナル・イニシアーション・ターミネーション・アックス (PITA) は,これらの部位の結合使用を明らかにし,遺伝子発現のダイナミクスを影響する.

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
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Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs
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Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 15, 2026

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 遺伝子発現の規制

背景:

  • メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の同型多様性は,転写の開始と終了から生じる.
  • 転写開始部位 (TSS) と転写終了部位 (TES) の相互作用はよく理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • トランスクリプションの開始と終了の間の関係を調査する.
  • mRNA アイソフォームの多様性を支配するメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • トランスクリプションの開始場所と終了場所の共同使用の体系的なプロファイリング.
  • 遺伝子の長さ,クロマチンの特徴,RNAポリメラーゼIIの輸送速度の分析.

主要な成果:

  • アップストリームTSSを使用するmRNAは,優先的にアップストリームTESを使用し,ダウンストリームサイトは同様にカップリングされます.
  • ポジショナル・イニシアチブ・ターミネーション・アックス (PITA) は,ゲノム順序に基づいた結合された代替TESの使用を記述します.
  • PITAは,特定の染色体特性を有するより長い遺伝子で一般的です.
  • mRNA 5' 開始部位の選択は,RNAポリメラーゼIIの速度に影響する 3' 終了部位の選択に影響する.

結論:

  • 空間的組織と転写ダイナミクスは,転写開始とmRNA 3' 末端の決定を結びつける.
  • これらのカップリングされたイベントはmRNAアイソフォームの発現パターンを定義します.
  • PITAモデルは,調整されたTSSとTESの選択を理解するための枠組みを提供します.