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マヨッテ島の下にある溶融の豊富なマグマ貯水池の磁電流の証拠
Pierre Wawrzyniak1, Fabrice Gaillard2, Sophie Hautot3
1BRGM, Bureau des Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Orléans, France. P.Wawrzyniak@brgm.fr.
Nature
|October 30, 2025
まとめ
研究者たちはマヨッテ島の下にある 巨大なマグマ貯蔵庫の画像を撮り 溶けた分子が高いことが明らかになりました この発見はマグママシモデルに 異議を唱え 火山噴火の洞察を与えてくれます
科学分野:
- 地理学
- 火山学
- ペトロロジー
背景:
- 地殻のマグマ貯蔵庫の組成は,直接サンプルを採取することができないため,まだ十分に理解されていません.
- 支配的な地殻間マグマシステム (TCMS) モデルは,貯水池が主に結晶 ("マグママシ") で,融解が最小であると仮定している.
- このTCMSモデルは主に間接的な地質学的証拠と噴火した材料からの限られた融解分数の推定に基づいています.
研究 の 目的:
- マヨッテ島の下にある 潜在的なマグマ貯水池のイメージと特徴
- この貯蔵庫内の溶解分子を決定します.
- 地殻のマグマ貯蔵と火山のプロセスを理解するための影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 地下構造を検出するために電気抵抗性画像を使用しました.
- マヨッテの火山環境特有の溶融伝導性の実験室測定が行われました.
- 噴火した産物の地化学的および質感的分析が比較に使用された.
主要な成果:
- 海面下23 ± 1 kmで重要な電気導体がイメージされ,マグマ貯水池として解釈されました.
- 貯水池は広大で (200km3以上) 溶解率が高い (22~42%).
- この溶解分子は,マヨッテで噴火した溶解の分化モデルと一致し,最近の海底噴火に関連している可能性があります.
結論:
- 画像に写った貯水池は,溶融度が高いため,TCMSにおける"マグママシ"の優位性に異議を唱える.
- この発見は 大規模で溶けたマグマが 地殻に存在するという 直接的な証拠です
- マヨッテの最近の火山活動に 供給されている配管システムについて 重要な洞察を 提供しています
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