サルコペニア高齢者の嚥下浸入予測における下腿周囲長の有用性:FEESに基づく研究

Nermin Karakurt1, Emirhan Akyol2, Hakan Gölaç3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. nerminkarakurt@hotmail.com.

Dysphagia
|November 16, 2025
PubMed

本研究では、サルコペニアを伴う高齢者における臨床的に有意な嚥下浸入を予測するための、超音波による嚥下筋測定を含む臨床的および人体計測学的パラメータについて検討した。大学病院の老年科外来に通院する65歳以上の成人80名(サルコペニア群50名、対照群30名)を対象とした。除外基準は、主要な神経疾患、悪性腫瘍、頭頸部手術または放射線治療の既往、進行した臓器不全、重度のCOPD、およびリウマチ性疾患とした。全対象者に、フレイル(Fried基準)、認知機能および栄養スクリーニング、EAT-10、および超音波によるサルコペニア評価を含む包括的な老年医学的アセスメントを実施した。サルコペニアは、国のカットオフ値を用い、握力低下およびSTAR指数(大腿前筋厚/BMI)の低下として定義した。嚥下関連筋(顎舌骨筋、顎舌骨筋、舌)の厚さ、顎舌骨筋の面積および挙上を超音波を用いて測定した。経鼻内視鏡的嚥下評価(FEES)に同意したサルコペニア患者をPenetration-Aspiration Scale(PAS)を用いて評価し、PAS 3以上を臨床的に有意な浸入と定義した。対象者の平均年齢は75.86 ± 6.89歳であった。サルコペニア群は、対照群と比較して高齢で男性が多く、顎舌骨筋および舌の厚さが薄く、フレイルスコアが高く、MMSEが低く、糖尿病および冠動脈疾患の有病率が高かった。サルコペニア患者のうち20%に有意な浸入が認められた。これらの患者は、上腕および下腿周囲径が小さく、歩行速度が遅く、EAT-10スコアが高かったが、嚥下筋の測定値や認知機能および栄養状態に有意差は認められなかった。多変量解析の結果、下腿周囲径の低下が唯一の独立した予測因子として特定された(OR: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.613-0.972, p = 0.027)。カットオフ値を32 cm以下とした場合、AUCは0.733(p = 0.025)であり、感度70%、特異度77.5%であった。サルコペニア高齢者において、下腿周囲径は臨床的に有意な嚥下浸入の独立した非侵襲的予測因子であり、誤嚥リスクのスクリーニングにおいて超音波による嚥下筋指標よりも優れた性能を示した。

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