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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines
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制御要素の相乗効果は,距離増強機能のためにコヘシンを欠かせないものにすることができます.

Karissa L Hansen1,2, Annie S Adachi1, Luca Braccioli3

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

コヘシン媒介のループ流出はエンハンサー・プロモーターの通信に不可欠ですが,その必要性は細胞タイプとゲノム状況によって異なります. プロモーター近接要素は,コヘシン挤出とは無関係に,長距離の強化作用を促進することができる.

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Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
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A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
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関連する実験動画

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科学分野:

  • 遺伝学
  • 分子生物学
  • 発達生物学

背景:

  • 増強剤は遺伝子転写を調節する重要な遺伝子要素です.
  • 長いゲノム距離におけるエンハンサー・プロモーターのコミュニケーションのメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.
  • コヘシンがこれらの相互作用を媒介する役割は調査中です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 強化剤-促進剤のコミュニケーションにおけるコヘシン・ループ・エクストルーションの役割を調査する.
  • コヘシン機能の細胞型とゲノム的な文脈特異性を決定する.
  • 増強剤が大きなゲノム距離のトランスクリプションをどのように調節するか解明する.

主な方法:

  • コヘシン・ループの流出を誘導する多能性幹細胞の設計
  • 増強剤と促進剤のコミュニケーションを評価するための比較ゲノム編集
  • 転写異常と細胞型の出現の分析

主要な成果:

  • コヘシン流出の障害による転写不調は,細胞型特異的である.
  • コヘシンは,エンハンサーとプロモーターが20キロベースという短い距離で通信するために必要である.
  • プロモーター近接要素は,CTCF断熱器の間でさえも,コヘシン独立の長距離強化作用を可能にします.
  • 転写ダイナミクスと胚性細胞タイプの出現は,大抵,コヘシン流出が妨げられる.

結論:

  • コヘシン媒介のループ挤出は,強化器の機能において文脈に依存する役割を果たします.
  • プロモーター・プロキシマル・エレメントは,エンハンサー・メディエイト・レギュレーションの代替メカニズムを提供します.
  • この研究は,エンハンサー生物学におけるコヘシンの研究戦略と,規制特異性に関する洞察を提供します.