Jove
Visualize
お問い合わせ
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
JoVEについて
概要リーダーシップブログJoVEヘルプセンター
著者向け
出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿
図書館員向け
推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experimentsアーカイブ
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教員リソースセンター教員サイト
利用規約
プライバシーポリシー
ポリシー

関連する概念動画

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

7.8K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
7.8K
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

9.7K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
9.7K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

8.9K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
8.9K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

3.2K
3.2K
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

40.0K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
40.0K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

6.8K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.8K

こちらも読む

関連記事

共著者、ジャーナル、引用グラフによってこの研究に関連する記事。

並び替え
Same author

Phylogenomics resolves the century-old 'Zoraptera problem': Zoraptera as the earliest diverging lineage of Polyneoptera.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2026
Same author

Hummingbird and hawkmoth wing shape: Analysing functional convergence in analogous structures.

Integrative and comparative biology·2026
Same author

Integrated analysis of fossils and molecular divergence time estimates a latest Jurassic origin of angiosperms.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

The prokaryotic origins of the COMMD protein family involved in eukaryotic membrane trafficking.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Multiple resampled genomic matrices provide mixed support for arachnid monophyly.

Biology letters·2026
Same author

Signatures of gene transfer in the parallel evolution of osmotrophic specialization in eukaryotes.

Nature ecology & evolution·2026

関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

16.4K

日付 の ある 遺伝子 の 複製 が ユカリオット の 進化 的 な 組成 を 明らか に し て いる

Christopher J Kay1,2, Anja Spang3,4, Gergely J Szöllősi5,6,7

  • 1Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. chris.kay@bristol.ac.uk.

Nature
|December 3, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

ユカリオットの起源には,ミトコンドリアのエンドシンバイオシス以前に進化した複雑な宿主細胞の特徴が含まれていた. この研究は,真核生物の遅期のミトコンドリアの進化配列を支持する遺伝子重複の年代を示している.

さらに関連する動画

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

6.2K
Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
14:26

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: April 4, 2016

25.8K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

16.4K
G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

6.2K
Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
14:26

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: April 4, 2016

25.8K

科学分野:

  • 進化生物学
  • 分子進化
  • 細胞生物学

背景:

  • ユカリオット細胞の起源 (ユカリオゲネシス) は生命の歴史における重要な出来事であり,ミトコンドリアの獲得のタイミングに関する重要な仮説が異なる.
  • ユカリオゲネシスの理解は,中間系統の欠如のために困難です.
  • ユカリオゲネシス中の遺伝子の複製は,ユカリオット細胞の集合の進化のタイムラインに洞察を与えます.

研究 の 目的:

  • ユカリオゲネシス中の遺伝子の複製の進化のタイムラインを決定する.
  • ユカリオット細胞の進化における一連の出来事,特にミトコンドリア内共生のタイミングに関する仮説を検証する.
  • エンドシンビオシス前の 古代宿主細胞の特徴を推測する.

主な方法:

  • 遺伝子の複製を決定するために リラックスした分子の時計を用いた.
  • 遺伝子の複製の時間スケールを分析し,真核生成の配列を再構築した.
  • 地質学的な時代 (メソアケアからパレオプロテロゾイク) と統合された発見

主要な成果:

  • ユカリオゲネシスはメソアケア紀と後期パレオプロテロゾイク紀の間に発生した.
  • 細胞骨格,核,内膜系を含む複雑な細胞の特徴は,ミトコンドリア内共生より前のものである.
  • 遺伝子の複製により これらの複雑な特徴は 30億から225億年前に発生したことを示しています

結論:

  • ユカリオゲネシスの"ミトコンドリア初期の"モデルを拒絶する.
  • ユカリオット進化の"複雑化した-古生物,後期ミトコンドリア"モデルを支持する.
  • 先進的な特徴を持つ 古代宿主細胞が 無酸素の海に存在し シントロフィーから恩恵を受ける可能性を示唆しています