KOHによる化学的活性化を介したバイオマス由来グラフェンナノ材料の合成

This work introduces an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective strategy for synthesizing graphene nanomaterials from agricultural residues-walnut shells and apricot stones. The synthesis pathway combines desilication, controlled pre-carbonization, chemical activation with KOH, and mild exfoliation to produce few-layer graphene with a high degree of structural order. The process, conducted at 523-573 K for pre-carbonization and 1123 K for activation, enables the formation of graphene sheets with a specific surface area of approximately 1300 m²/g, carbon content of 80-90%, and average pore diameter below 100 nm. The materials were comprehensively characterized using SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and BET analysis. Raman spectra revealed an I_G/I_2D ratio of ~1.5-2 a.u., confirming the presence of 4-5 graphene layers. Compared to conventional biomass-derived graphene routes, the developed approach ensures enhanced porosity, higher graphitic ordering, and improved purity, demonstrating its strong potential for energy storage, adsorptive purification, and environmentally benign nanotechnology applications.