危機下における道徳観の変化：医療における優先順位設定に関する実験

Liam Strand¹, Erik Gustavsson^1,2, Gustav Tinghög^1,3

¹Swedish National Centre for Priorities in Health, Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making

|December 12, 2025

まとめ

危機的状況下においても、医療倫理原則に対する国民の支持は安定している。原則の提示方法（抽象的か具体的か）は、道徳観を形成する上で、危機的状況そのものよりも重要である。

科学分野:

医療倫理
公衆衛生政策
行動経済学

背景:

パンデミックのような危機における資源の希少性は、医療的意思決定における効率性を強調する。
危機の影響が希少性経験に由来するか、原則の定式化に由来するかについては不確実性が存在する。

研究の目的:

医療における優先順位設定原則に対する国民の支持への危機の影響を調査する。
抽象的対具体的な原則の提示が支持に影響を与えるかどうかを判断する。

主な方法:

1,404人の参加者によるオンライン実験。
人間の尊厳、ニーズと連帯、費用対効果の原則に対する態度を調査した。
危機的状況および非危機的状況下で、原則の提示を抽象的対具体的に操作した。

主要な成果:

危機的状況の影響は小さく、原則のランキングは安定していた。
原則の抽象性は、危機的状況よりも強い影響を与えた。
ニーズと連帯原則への支持は抽象的な場合に増加し、費用対効果原則への支持は具体的な場合に増加した。

結論:

医療における優先順位設定に関する国民の道徳観は、危機下では比較的安定している。
原則の定式化（抽象的/具体的）は、危機的状況そのものよりも支持の変化の強い推進力である。

キーワード:

抽象性危機例外論道徳的一貫性希少性理論

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