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関連する概念動画

The Respiratory System01:16

The Respiratory System

76.9K
The respiratory system is comprised of the organs that enable breathing. Air enters the nostrils and mouth, followed by the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), which lead to the trachea (windpipe). In the thoracic cavity, the trachea splits into two bronchi that allow air to enter the lungs. The bronchi split into progressively smaller bronchioles and terminate in small groups of tiny sacs in the lungs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
76.9K
Breathing01:05

Breathing

50.6K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
50.6K
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

44.4K
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
44.4K
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

6.2K
The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
6.2K

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Tiny Lungs, Big Challenges: 小児および早産児の肺分節における深層学習の活用

Hareem Nisar1, Syed Muhammad Anwar1, Maria C Rujana2

  • 1Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.

... International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis. International SIPAIM Workshop
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
まとめ

早産児のX線画像における正確な肺分節は困難です。新しい2段階の深層学習手法は肺の輪郭描写を改善し、小児および早産児の胸部画像に対して高い精度を達成します。

キーワード:
肺分節気管支肺異形成症 (BPD)胸部X線深層学習早産児

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科学分野:

  • 医用画像処理
  • 人工知能
  • 小児放射線学

背景:

  • 肺分節は、X線画像からの肺疾患の診断に不可欠です。
  • 早産児の肺の分節化は、解剖学的変異やアーチファクトのために特有の課題を提示します。

研究 の 目的:

  • 小児および早産児のX線画像における正確な肺分節のための堅牢な深層学習手法の開発と検証。
  • 早産児における小さく、多様に存在する肺の分節化の困難性に対処すること。

主な方法:

  • 肺検出に続く心臓後部領域の分節化を含む2段階の深層学習アプローチを提案しました。
  • UNETRセグメンテーションモデルは、大規模な胸部X線画像データセットで事前学習した後、重み付けされた損失を使用して小児および早産児コホートでファインチューニングされました。

主要な成果:

  • 提案手法は、小児および早産児のX線画像の両方において、肺分節で高い精度を達成しました。
  • 小児コホートで0.960、早産児コホートで0.946の平均ダイススコアが得られました。
  • 平均ハスドルフ距離は、小児コホートで6.576ピクセル、早産児コホートで8.124ピクセルでした。

結論:

  • 開発された2段階の深層学習戦略は、困難な小児および早産児のX線画像における肺を効果的に分節化します。
  • この手法は、新生児および小児における自動臨床診断と重症度評価に大きな進歩をもたらします。