多因子機械学習モデルによる尿路感染症の予測:パイロットスタディ
Fabio Grizzi1,2, Mohamed A A A Hegazi3, Marta Noemi Monari4
1Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. fabio.grizzi@humanitasresearch.it.
International urology and nephrology
|December 12, 2025
まとめ
低レベルのビタミンDは尿路感染症(UTI)と関連しています。ビタミンDレベル、尿pH、年齢、性別を使用した機械学習モデルは、高い精度でUTIを予測できます。
科学分野:
- 免疫学と微生物学
- 生化学
- ヘルスケアにおける人工知能
背景:
- ビタミンDは免疫機能とカルシウム-リン恒常性の維持に不可欠です。
- ビタミンD欠乏症は免疫調節不全と関連しており、UTIなどの感染症のリスクを高めます。
- 尿中25-ヒドロキシビタミンD(25(OH)D)レベルは、UTIリスクの潜在的なバイオマーカーとして検討されています。
研究 の 目的:
- 尿中25(OH)DレベルとUTI発生率との関連を調査すること。
- 人口統計学的および生化学的データを使用したUTI予測のための機械学習モデルを開発および評価すること。
主な方法:
- 人口統計学的、生化学的、微生物学的データが収集された358人のコホートの分析。
- 尿中25(OH)D、尿pH、年齢、性別を利用した12の機械学習モデルの開発。
- 精度、感度、特異度、PPV、NPV、AUC-ROC、F1スコアを含む指標を用いてモデルを評価しました。
主要な成果:
- 尿培養陽性者と陰性者の間で、尿中25(OH)Dレベルに有意差が認められました(p < 0.001)。
- 機械学習モデルは64%から87%の精度を達成し、スタッキングモデルは88%の精度に達しました。
- 最も性能の高いスタッキングモデルは、83%の感度、94%の特異度、0.93のAUC-ROCを示しました。
結論:
- 尿中25(OH)Dレベルの低下は、UTI発生率の増加と有意に関連しています。
- 機械学習モデルは、従来の診断法を補完するUTI診断の補助ツールとして有望です。
- これらの予測モデルの臨床的影響を評価するには、さらなる検証と前向き研究が必要です。
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