切除可能な頭頸部扁平上皮癌に対する免疫療法の進歩
Jun Li1, Binbin Pan1, Yunyan Tai2
1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China.
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)
|December 12, 2025
まとめ
免疫チェックポイント阻害薬は頭頸部癌治療に有望であり、周術期設定での生存率を改善する。その使用を最適化し、副作用を軽減するためにはさらなる研究が必要である。
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学; 免疫療法; 頭頸部癌研究
背景:
- 頭頸部扁平上皮癌(HNSCC)の切除は再発率が高い。; HNSCCに対する従来の補助化学放射線療法(CRT)の有効性は停滞している。; 免疫チェックポイント阻害薬(ICI)は、周術期治療に新たな進歩をもたらす。
研究 の 目的:
- HNSCCの周術期治療におけるICIに関する最近の研究を系統的にレビューすること。; 異なるICIおよび併用療法の有効性を評価すること。; HNSCC治療における将来の研究分野を特定すること。
主な方法:
- 4つの主要な臨床試験(KEYNOTE-689、NIVOPOSTOP、C-POST、NeoRTPC02)の系統的レビュー。; 疾患進行、死亡率、無病生存期間(DFS)、病理学的完全奏効(pCR)を含む治療転帰の分析。; プログラム細胞死-リガンド1(PD-L1)などのバイオマーカーに基づく有効性の評価。
主要な成果:
- ペムブロリズマブと標準治療の併用は、進行/死亡率を34%減少させた(PD-L1 CPS≧10でFDA承認)。; 補助療法としてのニボルマブとCRTの併用は、PD-L1発現状況に関わらず、3年DFS(63.1% vs. 52.5%)を改善した。; 補助療法としてのセミプリマブは、高リスク皮膚扁平上皮癌(HR=0.32)でDFSの優位性を示した。; 低用量放射線療法と免疫化学療法は、60.9%のpCR率を達成した。
結論:
- ICIは、周術期HNSCC治療において重要な進歩を表す。; 最適な治療戦略、放射線量削減、臓器温存、バイオマーカー選択を決定するためには、さらなる研究が必要である。; 将来の取り組みは、5年生存率と生活の質を向上させるための、個別化された精密治療プロトコルのための学際的協力を中心に進めるべきである。
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