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Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

7.4K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
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Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:15

Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other...
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Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

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Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
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First Law of Thermodynamics01:17

First Law of Thermodynamics

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A change in the internal energy of a system depends on the the net heat transfer into the system and the net work done by the system. The first law of thermodynamics, which is a generalized form of energy conservation, relates these three quantities mathematically. It states that the change in the internal energy equals the difference between the heat transfer and work done by the system.
The applied heat increases the internal energy of a system. Hence, conventionally heat is considered...
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First Law of Thermodynamics02:16

First Law of Thermodynamics

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Energy Conservation
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First Law of Thermodynamics00:37

First Law of Thermodynamics

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The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. This can be demonstrated within a classic food web where light energy from the sun is harnessed as radiant energy by plants, converted into chemical energy, and stored as complex carbohydrates. The vegetation is then consumed by animals and during the digestion process, the sugars release energy as heat. The sugars also produce chemical energy that either gets used up doing work, stored in...
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Published on: December 4, 2017

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コヒーレント駆動系のための熱力学的枠組み

Max Schrauwen1, Aaron Daniel2, Marcelo Janovitch2

  • 1RWTH Aachen University, Department of Physics, 52056 Aachen, Germany.

Physical review letters
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者たちは、駆動系のための新しい熱力学的枠組みを開発しました。この枠組みは、出力光は入力光よりもノイズが大きい必要があることを明らかにし、量子系に関する新しい洞察を提供します。

キーワード:
量子熱力学駆動系熱力学第二法則量子ノイズナノスケール熱力学

さらに関連する動画

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
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科学分野:

  • 物理学
  • 量子熱力学
  • 統計力学

背景:

  • ナノスケールにおける熱力学は、ゆらぎや量子効果により複雑です。
  • 既存の熱力学的枠組みは、熱や仕事がアクセス可能な自由度に依存するため、ナノスケール系において一意性を欠いています。

研究 の 目的:

  • コヒーレント駆動系に適用可能な新しい熱力学的枠組みを導出すること。
  • これらの系のためのより厳密な熱力学第二法則を確立すること。
  • 駆動散逸量子系のノイズ特性を探求すること。

主な方法:

  • コヒーレント駆動系においてアクセス可能な出力光を仮定した熱力学的枠組みの導出。
  • 確立された物理モデル全体での枠組みの適用と例示。
  • 入力光と出力光のノイズ特性の分析。

主要な成果:

  • 新しい熱力学第二法則が導出され、これは従来の法則よりも厳密にタイトです。
  • この枠組みは、駆動系からの出力光は入力光よりも大きなノイズを示す必要があることを規定しています。
  • 三準位レーザーは、コヒーレント駆動のノイズを効果的に低減するエンジンとして再解釈されます。

結論:

  • 開発された熱力学的枠組みは、コヒーレント駆動系にユニークなアプローチを提供します。
  • この研究は、駆動散逸量子系におけるノイズ特性の理解を進めます。
  • この発見は、ナノスケール熱力学と量子情報科学における新しい研究の方向性を開きます。