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思考しながらプレーする:サッカーのトレーニングにおける認知的負荷とパス精度に関する探求
Pedro Henrique de Almeida Oliveira1, Sarah da Glória Teles Bredt1, Guilherme de Oliveira Santos Silva1
1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Research quarterly for exercise and sport
|December 15, 2025
まとめ
高い認知的負荷は若年サッカー選手のパス意思決定を損なう。しかし、2つまでのアイテムを数えるといった適度な認知的課題はパフォーマンスに悪影響を与えず、トレーニングでの使用を示唆している。
科学分野:
- スポーツ科学;認知心理学;運動学習
背景:
- 効果的なパス意思決定は、若年サッカー選手にとって非常に重要である。;情報の処理に使用される精神的な努力である認知的負荷は、運動スキルの実行に影響を与える可能性がある。;サッカーにおける意思決定に対する認知的負荷の影響を理解することは、トレーニング戦略を最適化するために不可欠である。
研究 の 目的:
- U-14サッカー選手のパス意思決定パフォーマンスに対する操作された認知的負荷の影響を調査すること。;意思決定精度を損なう認知的負荷の閾値を決定すること。;サッカー固有の認知的スキルを向上させるためのデュアルタスクトレーニングの可能性を評価すること。
主な方法:
- 24人のU-14サッカー選手が、対照群と、認知的負荷を高めた3つの少人数制ゲーム(デュアルタスク)の4つの条件を完了した。;パスを数えながら増加する量の情報を記憶するように選手に要求することによって、認知的負荷が操作された。;パス意思決定精度は、操作チェックとしてパス数え間違い率を用いて、パス意思決定指数を使用して測定された。
主要な成果:
- 時間と条件の間に有意な交互作用が認められた(p = .007)。;パス意思決定精度は、高認知的負荷条件(T3)で対照群と比較して15%低下した。;対照群と低い認知的負荷条件(T1、T2)の間には、有意なパフォーマンスの差は観察されなかった。
結論:
- 高い認知的負荷は、若年サッカー選手のパス意思決定パフォーマンスを著しく損なう。;最大2つの追加の認知的タスクを導入してもパフォーマンスは低下せず、トレーニングでの有用性を示唆している。;これらの発見は、発達中のサッカー選手における認知運動スキルを向上させるトレーニング戦略として、適度なデュアルタスクの使用を支持する。
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